\KchnIk\
\bhpw {]hÀ¯\ cq]tcJbpw
Pqsse 2002
]»nIv
dntej³kv hIp¸v
tIcf
kÀ¡mÀ
\Kcsa¶pw {Kmasa¶papÅ
thÀXncnhv A{]kàamb tIcfs¯ Hcp \KchXvIrX {Kmasa¶p hntijn¸n¡mw.
KXmKX hmÀ¯mhn\nab cwKs¯ ]ptcmKXn \½psS kwØm\¯nsâ hnIk\¯n\v
Imcyamb kw`mh\ \ðInbn«pïv. ]t£ km¼¯nI hfÀ¨bpw XpSÀ¶pÅ \nÀamW
{]hÀ¯\§fpw \½psS s]mXp kz¯mb tdmUpIÄ, ]mÀ¡pIÄ, N´IÄ F¶nhbpsS
XpSÀhnIk\¯n\v XSkambn amdp¶p. Cu kmlNcy¯nð `mhn {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v
hyàamb amÀK\nÀtZiw DÄs¡mÅp¶ kwØm\ hym]Iamb Hcp \bw hym]Ihpw
kaRvPkhpamb hnIk\¯n\v hgnsXfn¡pw.
\Kc§fpsS ASp¡pw
Nn«bpanñm¯ Xn§n sRcp§nbpÅ hfÀ¨ Nn«tbmsSbpÅ Bkq{XnXamb
hnIk\¯n\v hgnamdWsa¶pw s]mXpP\§fpsS BtcmKyIcamb hfÀ¨bv¡v
hgnsbmcp¡Wsa¶pamWv kÀ¡mcnsâ BßmÀ°amb B{Klw.
hnhn[ Xe§fnð NÀ¨IÄ
\S¯n, hnZKvtZm]tZi§Ä DÄs¡mÅn¨psImïv X¿mdm¡nb \KchnIk\ \bw
aebmfnIÄ ]qÀW a\tkmsS kzmKXw sN¿psa¶v F\n¡pd¸pïv.
F.sI.BâWn
apJya{´n
Bkq{XnX \KchnIk\w
C´ybnse aäp kwØm\§sf
At]£n¨v tIcf¯nse \KchXvIcW {]{Inb hfsc {ZpXKXnbnemWv. Ignª
\qämïnsâ cïmw ]mZ¯nemWv Cu coXnbnepÅ \KchXvIcWw Bcw`n¨Xv. Fñm
]pXnb kwcw`§Ä¡pw AXntâXmb {]iv\§Ä DÅXpt]mse \KchXvIcW
{]{Inbbnepw {]iv\§Ä Iïphcp¶p. Iq«mb BtemN\bneqsS Ch
]cnlcn¡p¶Xn\pw icnbmbn \bn¡p¶Xn\pw DXIp¶ coXnbnemWv ]pXnb
\KchnIk\\bw Cu kÀ¡mÀ cq]w \ðInbn«pÅXv. 1980þð {]hÀ¯\w Bcw`n¨
tZiob \KchXvIcW I½nj³ Cu {]{Inbbv¡v B¡w Iq«nbn«pïv.
tIcf¯nse P\kwJybpsS
25.97 iXam\hpw hkn¡p¶Xv A©v ap\nkn¸ð tImÀ¸tdj\pIfnepw, 53
ap\nkn¸ð {]tZi§fnepamWv. aetbmc{]tZi§fnepÅ Nne ]©mb¯v Hgn¨mð
tIcf¯nð sam¯ambn¯s¶ \mKcnIX ZÀin¡mhp¶XmWv. tIcfP\X hfsc thKw
\KchXvIcW¯nte¡v \o§ns¡mïncn¡p¶p.
hyhkmbw, Sqdnkw,
sF.än., hmWnPyw, hym]mcw F¶o taJeIfnð hnIk\ km[yXIfpÅ
\Kc{]tZi§sf {][m\ hfÀ¨m tI{µ§fmbn hnIkn¸n¡pI, ASnØm\
kuIcy§fpsS hnIk\¯n\v kzImcytaJebpsS ]¦mfn¯w e`yam¡pI,
kzImcytaJebpsS ]¦mfn¯w tkh\ taJeIfnð Dd¸phcp¯pI, \Kck`m
tkh\§fnse Ip¯Im[n]Xyw Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\pw sa¨s¸« tkh\w e`yam¡p¶Xn\pw
aäpambn Hcp AÀ_³ dKpteädn AtXmdnän cq]oIcn¡pI XpS§nbhbmWv
\KchnIk\ \b¯nse ImXemb Imcy§Ä.
20þmw \qämïnsâ Ahkm\
ImeL«¯nð A[nImchntI{µoIcW \bw aqew Xt±ikzbw`cW Øm]\§Ä¡v IqSpXð
A[nImc§Ä \ðIn. F¶mð \KchnIk\¯nsâ BthKw AXypPzeambncp¶p. F¦nepw
P\mhiy§Ä s¡m¸sa¯m³ AXn\pambnñ. Cu kmlNcy¯nemWv kaql¯nsâ hnhn[
XpdIfnepÅ BfpIfpsS A`n{]mb¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nð Cu kÀ¡mÀ ka{Kamb Hcp
\KchnIk\ \bhpw, IÀa]²Xnbpw BhnjvIcn¨Xv. tIcf¯nsâ A\pkrX
hnIk\¯n\v Cu tcJ hgnsXfn¡psa¶v F\n¡pd¸pïv.
sNÀ¡pfw
A_vZpÅ
Xt±ikzbw`cW hIp¸v a{´n
Xncph\´]pcw
02/08/2002
tIcfkÀ¡mÀ
kw{Klw
Xt±ikzbw`cW hIp¸v þ
\KchnIk\ \bw þ \KchnIk\ \bhpw cq]tcJbpw AwKoIcn¨v D¯chv
]pds¸Sphn¡p¶p.
Xt±ikzbw`cW (Un) hIp¸v,
k.D.(]n)\w.120/02/Xkz`h. Xncph\´]pcw, XobXn:
18.07.2002
D¯chv
\Kc hnIk\¯n\pÅ tZiob
I½ojsâ \nKa\§fpw tIcf¯nse P\§fpsS \KchXvIcW {]hWXbpw
IW¡nseSp¯v ZoÀLho£Wt¯mSp IqSnbpÅ Hcp \Kc hnIk\ \bw
A\nhmcyamsW¶v kÀ¡mÀ hnebncp¯pIbpïmbn. AXnsâ ASnØm\¯nð
\Kcmkq{XWhpw \Kc hnIk\hpambn _Ôs¸« taJeIfnse hnZKv²cpambn
IqSnbmtemNn¨v X¿mdm¡nb CsXm¶n¨p tNÀ¯n«pÅ \KchnIk\ \bhpw {]hÀ¯\
cq]tcJbpw AwKoIcn¨v D¯chv ]pds¸Sphn¡p¶p.
KhÀWdpsS
D¯chn³ {]Imcw
(H¸v)
Genbmkv
tPmÀÖv,
sk{I«dn,
AÀ_³ Uhe]vsaâv.
ap\nkn¸ð `cW
UbdIvSÀ, Xncph\´]pcw (Fñm \Kck`m sNbÀam³amÀ¡pw sk{I«dnamÀ¡pw
\ðIp¶Xn\mbn)
No^v Su¬ ¹m\À,
Xncph\´]pcw
_lp. apJya{´nbpsS
ss{]häv sk{I«dnbv¡v
_lp. {]Xn]£ t\Xmhnsâ
ss{]häv sk{I«dnbv¡v
_lp. Xt±ikzbw`cW
hIp¸pa{´nbpsS ss{]häv sk{I«dnbv¡v
s]mXp`cW (Fkv.kn)
hIp¸n\v (sFäw \w. 1155 XobXn. 10.07.2002)
]©mb¯v UbdIvSÀ,
Xncph\´]pcw
A¡uïâv P\dð (F Bâv C),
(HmUnäv) Xncph\´]pcw
UbdIvSÀ, tem¡ð ^ïv
HmUnäv, Xncph\´]pcw
]»nIv dntej³kv
hIp¸v
tÌm¡v ^bð / Hm^okv
tIm¸n.
D¯chn³{]Imcw
H¸v
sk£³
Hm^okÀ
tIcf¯nsâ \KchnIk\ \bhpw {]hÀ¯\
cq]tcJbpw
]Ým¯ew
\KchXvIcW¯n\p thïnbpÅ
tZiob I½ojsâ \nba\t¯msS, 80þIfnemWv cmPy¯v BZyambn \KchXvIcW
{]{Inbsb AhtemI\w sN¿p¶Xn\pw kwtbmPnXamb \KchnIk\
\bcq]oIcW¯n\pw thï Imcyamb {iaw Acw`n¨Xv. \KchXvIcW¯n\mbpÅ
tZiob I½oj³ hn`mh\w sNbvXn«pÅ \Kc hnIk\ \b¯nsâ apJye£y§Ä C\n
]dbp¶hbmWv.
-
h³ \Kc§sfbpw aäv
]«W§sfbpw kwc£n¡pIbpw, AhbpsS k¼ZvØnXn ]p\cp²cn¡pIbpw
sN¿pI.
-
{ZpXKXnbnð hfcp¶
CS¯cw \Kc tI{µ§fpsS, \nehnepÅ ASnØm\ kuIcy§Ä¡p thï aqe[\
\nt£]w Dd¸phcp¯pIbpw Ahsb IqSpXð sa¨s¸« \KctI{µ§fmbn
DbÀ¯p¶Xn\pÅ \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
-
em`Icamb sXmgnehkc§Ä
kÖoIcn¨psImïv, hfÀ¨ apcSn¨pt]mb \Kc§fpsS hnIk\w
km[yam¡pI.
\KchXvIcWsa¶Xv km¼¯nI
hfÀ¨ km[yam¡m\pÅ X{´¯nsâ `mKambncn¡Wsa¶v I½oj³ \nÀt±in¨p.
ImÀjnI hymhkmbnI hnIk\¯n\pw, ]nt¶m¡ {]tZi§fnð Zmcn{Zy \nÀamÀP\
]²XnIÄ \S¸nem¡m\papÅ Hcp D]m[nbmbn«mWv I½oj³ \KchXvIcWs¯
IïXv.
XpSÀ¨bmbpÅ ]©hÕc
]²XnIfnð, hyhkmbhXvIcW¯n\pw km¼¯nI hnIk\¯n\pw Du¶ð \ðInbXn\mð
C´ybnse \KchXvIcW¯n\v Xmsg¸dbp¶ {]tXyIXIÄ Dïmbn.
-
\Kc§fpsSbpw ImÀjnI
hyhkmb tI{µ§fpsS hfÀ¨
-
hnt\mZ k©mc tI{µ§Ä,
hnZym`ymk tI{µ§Ä, kwØm\ BØm\§Ä XpS§nbh DÄs¡mÅp¶ `cW
tI{µ§fpsS Øm]\w
-
]pXnb hymhkmbnI
tI{µ§fpsSbpw henb PetkN\, sshZypX ]²XnIfpsSbpw
BhnÀ`mhw.
\½psS ImgvN¸mSnð
\Kc§Ä, cmPy¯n\p thïn ]pXnb hn`h§fpw, k¼¯pw DXv]mZn¸n¡p¶ Hcp
bm{´nI kwhn[m\w F¶Xn\p]cn \m«n³]pd§fnð \n¶pÅ IpSntbä¡mÀ¡v
sXmgnehkc§Ä {]Zm\w sN¿p¶h IqSnbmWv. F¶mð Nne kµÀ`§fnð Ch
lo\hpw a\pjyXzclnXhpamb PohnX kmlNcy§Ä krjvSn¡pIbpw Hcp henb
hn`mKw P\Xbv¡v A\[nIrX It¿ä `qanbnð hknt¡ï kmlNcyw
kwPmXam¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. tNcn{]tZi§fnse Xn§n¸mÀ¡epw PeZuÀe`yhpw
ipNnXz¡pdhpw KpcpXcamb BtcmKy{]iv\§Ä krjvSn¡p¶p. AtXmsSm¸w Ch
am\pjnI aqey§fpsS timjW¯n\pw hgn sXfn¡p¶p.
km¼¯nIhpw kmaqlnIhpamb
hnIk\¯nsâ {][m\ LSIamWv \KchXvIcWw. F¶mð Cu \KchXvIcWw,
{Kma§fnð \n¶pw ]«W§fnte¡pÅ IpSntbäw, km¼¯nIhpw kmaqlnIhpamb
tkh\§Ä¡pthïn hcp¶ sNehpIÄ, hyXykvX hn`mK§fnðs¸« P\§fpsS
BhmktI{µ§Ä, Pew, ipNnXzw, KXmKXw, DuÀPw F¶o kuIcy§fpsS Dd¸m¡ð,
km¼¯nIhnIk\w, hyhkmb§fpsS hn\ymkw, \Kc`cWw XpS§nb {]iv\§fpambn
_Ôs¸«ncn¡p¶p. \KchnIk\ {]{Inb¡v {]tXyIn¨pw ]mÀ¸nS kuIcyw,
IpSnshÅw, s{Ubnt\Pv kuIcyw, KXmKXhnIk\w XpS§nb taJeIfnð,
thïnhcp¶ `mcn¨ sNehpIÄ XpS§nbhbmWv. {ZpXKXnbnð hnIkn¡p¶
\Kc{]tZi§fnse PohnX \nehmc¯nepïmIp¶ timjW¯n\pÅ apJy tlXp
sXmgnenñmbva, P\s¸cp¸w, tNcnIfpsS s]cp¸w, ]«W {]tZi§fnse
P\kwJybnð Hcp \ñ hn`mK¯n\v ]mÀ¸nS kuIcyw e`yañm¯ AhØ XpS§nbh
Cu kmlNcyw IqSpXð k¦oÀWam¡p¶p.
{]iv\taJeIÄ
\S]Sn FSpt¡ï Nne
taJeIÄ
-
`h\ \nÀ½mW taJebnð
h³tXmXnð apXð apS¡phm³ thï kmlNcyw krjvSn¡pI.
-
Bkq{XnXambn Øew
D]tbmKs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\pÅ ]²XnIfpw amÌÀ ¹m\pIfpw X¿mdm¡pI.
-
]mÀ¸nS¯nsâbpw aäv
AXymhiy tkh\§fpsSbpw Ipdª am\ZÞ§Ä \nÀWbn¡pI.
-
]pXnb hnIk\ NpaXeIÄ
GsäSp¡phm³ DXIp¶ hn[w ap³kn¸ð `cWw iàam¡pI.
Npcp¡¯nð ap\nkn¸ð
Øm]\§Ä, Xmsg¸dbp¶ tkh\ kuIcy§sf¦nepw e`yam¡Wsa¶ \nKa\¯nð tZiob
I½oj³ F¯nt¨À¶p.
-
IpSnshÅ
hnXcWw
-
sXcphv hnf¡pIÄ
(sshZypXnbnð DÅXv A`nImayw) s{Ubnt\Pv (Gähpw IpdªXv D]cnXe
s{Ubnt\Pv kwhn[m\w).
-
tdmUpIÄ
-
ipNoIcWhpw \Kcamen\y
kwkvIcWhpw, ]IÀ¨hym[nIÄ XSbepw.
\Kc§Ä {it²bamb amä§Ä¡p
hnt[bambn hcnIbmWv. _lp\ne aµnc§Ä hfsc thK¯nð DbÀ¶p hcp¶p.
]mc¼cy \Kc kwkvImcw ]msS amdp¶p. hoSpIÄ¡p ]Icw ^vfmäpIfmbn.
Hmtcm C©v Øe¯n\p thïnbpw Xn¡pw Xnc¡pamWv. Øes¯¡pdn¨pÅ kuµcy
t_m[w Xosc CñmXmhp¶p. _lp\ne aµnc kwkvImcw C´y³ \Kc§sf
{Kkn¡p¶p. XXv^eambn sshZypXn, shÅw XpS§nb ]e ASnØm\
kuIcy§fpsSbpw e`yX AhKWn¡s¸Sp¶p. AwKoImcanñm¯ Bhmk tI{µ§Ä
IqWpt]mse DbÀ¶phcp¶p. sam¯¯nepÅ Nn{Xw `oXnP\IamWv. e`yamb
ASnØm\ kuIcy§Ä¡v Xm§m\mIm¯ hn[w \Kc§fnð P\§Ä Xn§n hkn¡p¶p.
hmSI \nc¡v Ip¯s\ Dbcp¶p. Cu amä§Ä Fñmw Xs¶ a²yhÀ¤¯n\v
Xm§mhp¶Xn\¸pdhpamWv.
AhKW\ t]dp¶ C´y³
\KctaJe
\KchXvIcWw Hcp BtKmf
{]Xn`mkamWv. \Kc{]tZi§fnð tI{µoIcn¡p¶ P\kwJy hÀ²\hnsâ
A\p]mXamWv. \KchXvIcWsa¶XpsImïv Dt±in¡p¶Xv. hnIknX cmPy§sfñmw
Xs¶ \KchXvIcn¡s¸«hbmWv. P\kwJym hÀ²\hv IqSpXð \Kc{]tZi§fnemWv.
IqSpXð km¼¯nI Ahkc§fpw ChnsSbmWv. hnZym`ymkhpw BtcmKy ]cn]me\
kuIcy§fpw IqSpXð e`yw \Kc§fnemWv.
P\kwJy, km¼¯nI ØnXn
XpS§nb hnhn[ LSI§fpsS ]cnKW\bnð Hcp {]tZis¯ \Kcambn
IW¡m¡mhp¶XmWv. \½psS cmPy¯v Imt\jvamcn ASnØm\¯nemWv Hcp
{]tZis¯ \Kcambn ]cnKWn¡p¶Xv. C´ybpsS sk³kkv {]Imcw \Kc§sf
\nÀWbn¡p¶Xv aq¶v LSI§sf ASnØm\am¡nbmWv.
-
Gähpw Ipdª P\kwJy
5000 Bbncn¡Ww.
-
BsIbpÅ ]pcpj
P\kwJybpsS 75% t]sc¦nepw ImÀjntIXc sXmgnepIfnð
hym]rXcmbncn¡Ww.
-
P\km{µX N.In.ao.\v
400 BÄ¡msc¦nepw DïmIWw.
\Kc {]tZi§fnemWv, C´y³
P\kwJybpsS 28 iXam\hpw A[nhkn¡p¶Xv. sam¯w B`y´c DXv]mZ\¯nsâ 60
iXam\hpw \Kc§fnemWv. ImÀjnI taJe HgnsI, sXmgnð taJebpsS 57
iXam\hpw krjvSn¡s¸Sp¶Xv ChnsSbmWv. ]c¼cmKXambn C´ysb Hcp
{KmaoW kaqlambn«mWv ]cnKWn¨p hcp¶Xv. ]²Xn \S¯n¸nð B\p]mXnIañm¯
Hcp hnlnXamWv {KmaoW taJebv¡v \ðIn hcp¶Xv. ]²Xn hnlnX¯nsâ 15
iXam\w am{XamWv \Kc{]tZi§Ä¡v In«p¶Xv. {KmaoW sXmgnðZm\ ]²XnIÄ,
{KmaoW PetkN\ ]²XnIÄ XpS§nbhbv¡mWv \KchnIk\ ]²XnItf¡mÄ Ft¸mgpw
ap³Xq¡w. tI{µ kwØm\ \nt£]§Ä {Kma{]tZi§fpsS hnIk\¯n\mWv ap³Xq¡w
\ðIp¶Xv. \Kc{]tZi§sf AhKWn¨XnepÅ A]ISw CubSp¯ Ime¯mbn kÀ¡mÀ
a\knem¡pIbpw Fkv.sP.Fkv.BÀ.ssh, F³.Fkv.Un.]n XpS§nb ]²XnIÄ
BhnjvIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. F¦nepw Ct¸mgpw {]kvXpX ]²XnIfpsS ^ïp
hnlnXw, Bhiy¯n\pw hfsc XmsgbmWv.
\½psS \Kc{]tZi§Ä Hcp
henb {]XnkÔnbnemWv. hnIk\ {]{Inb ASnØm\]cambn XIcmdnemIp¶p.
\Kc§fnse P\s¸cp¸w aqew \Kc`qan Xosc IpdbpIbpw tkh\ taJe
XIcpIbpw \Kckwhn[m\w A]cym]vXw BhpIbpw \KchmknIfpsS IjvS¸mSpIÄ
{IamXoXambn hÀ²n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. \Kc§fnse ASnØm\ kuIcy§Ä
ImelcWs¸«p. tdmUpIÄ, PehnXcWw, HmSIÄ Chsbñmw XIÀ¨bnemWv.
Xpdkmb Øe§fpw ]mÀ¡nwKv kuIcyhpw XoscbnñmsXbmbn. ap\nkn¸ð
\nba§Ä \S¸nem¡p¶Xnð Zb\obambn ]cmPbs¸«p.
tIcf¯nse
ØnXn
tIcf¯nsâ \KctaJebnð
A©v tImÀ¸tdj\pIfpw 53 ap\nkn¸menänIfpamWpÅXv. tIcf¯nse
P\kwJybpsS 25.97 iXam\w tað¸dª \Kc§fnð hkn¡p¶p. tZiob
icmicnsb¡mÄ Að]w XmsgbmWnXv. tIcf¯nse \KchXvIcWw cmPy¯nsâ aäp
`mK§sf At]£n¨v \Kc§fnð am{Xambn HXp§n \nð¡p¶nñ. ae{¼tZi§fnse
Að]w Nne ]©mb¯pIfpw A§n§mbpÅ Nne Häs¸« Øehpw Hgn¨mð
kwØm\¯nepS\ofw \Kc {Kma XpSÀ¨bmWv A\p`hs¸Sp¶Xv. tIcfkaqlw
sam¯¯nð \KchXvIcn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶psh¶v ]dbmw.
1981þð 106 sk³kkv
\Kc§fnembn 4,771,275 Bbncp¶p P\kwJy. 1981þð 18.74 iXam\w
Bbncp¶ \Kc P\kwJy 1991þð 26.44 iXam\ambn DbÀ¶Xv Cu Imebfhnse
\KchXvIcW¯nsâ Nn{Xw hyàam¡p¶p. 1991þse sk³kkv {]Imcw tIcf¯nð
197 \KchXvIrX {]tZi§Ä DÅXmbn IW¡m¡nbn«pïv. 2001-ð 159 sk³kkv
\Kc§fnembn 82,67,135 BWv \KcP\kwJy. CXv BsI P\kwJybmb
3,18,38,619 sâ 25.97 iXam\amWv. 1981-91 Imebfhnð tIcf¯nse \Kc
P\kwJym hÀ²\hv 60.89 iXam\ambncp¶Xv 1991þ2001 Imebfhnð 7.64
iXam\ambn Ipdªp. sk³kkv \Kc§fpsS F®w 159 Bbpw Ipdªp.
\Kc{]tZi§fpsS A[nImc]cn[nbnepÅ amäw CXn\v Hcp ImcWambn
]dbmw.
\KchXvIcW
km²yXIÄ
tIcf¯nsâ \KchXvIcW
{]hWX khntijXIÄ \ndªXmWv. s]mXphnð \Kc P\kwJym hÀ²\hv
{][m\ambpw \nehnepÅ \Kc§sf, {]tXyIn¨pw sat{Sm s]mfnä³ \Kc§sf
tI{µoIcn¨mWv. C´ybnse aäv kwØm\§sf kw_Ôn¨v CXv bmYmÀ°yamWv.
F¶mð tIcf¯nð \Kc P\kwJym hÀ²\hv \Kc {]tZi§fpsSbpw {][m\
\Kc§fpsS {]m´{]tZi§fpsSbpw hfÀ¨bv¡v A\pkyXamWv. P\km{µX
kw_Ôn¨v ]T\§fpw CXv hyàam¡p¶p. 2001þse sk³kkv {]Imcw
P\km{µXbnð aq¶mw Øm\¯v \nð¡p¶ tIcf¯nð N.In.ao. \v 819 BWv
P\km{µX. \½psS {][m\ \Kc§fnse P\km{µX ]T\§Ä hyàam¡p¶Xv tIcf¯nð
FñmbnS¯pw P\kwJym hÀ²\hv Hcpt]mse hy\ykn¨ncn¡p¶psh¶mWv. Nne
Gä¡pd¨nepIÄ DïmIp¶psh¶p am{Xw.
\½psS Bhmk hyhØnXnbpsS
{]tXyIXbmWnXv. Ncn{X]camb {]tXyIXIÄ, ]mÀ¸nSLS\bpsS khntijXIÄ,
{Kma§fnsebpw \Kc§fnsebpw ASnØm\ kuIcy§fpsS e`yX,
`qanimkv{X]camb {]tXyIXIÄ, Pee`yX XpS§nbh CXn\v ImcWamIp¶p. Cu
hyhØnXn KpWt¯msSm¸w tZmj§fpw krjvSn¡p¶p. ASnØm\
kuIcyhnIk\¯n\pw tkh\ taJe sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶Xn\pw kwØm\ hcpam\¯nsâ
\sñmcp XpI sNehgn¡pw. F¶mð AhbpsS ]ptcmKXn \½psS e£y¯ns\m¯v
Dbcp¶nñ. AXn\mð {]tXyI ]cnKW\ \ðtIï taJeIfnð ZoÀLho£Wt¯msS
]²XnIÄ \S¸nem¡nbmð sa¨s¸« ^ew t\Sm³ Ignbpw. \KctaJebnepw
IqSpXð apXð apS¡n ASnØm\ kuIcy§Ä sa¨s¸Spt¯ïXpïv. ASnØm\
kuIcy§Ä sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v IqSpXð XpI hIbncp¯p¶Xnsâ BhiyIX
\KchXvIcW {]{Inbbnð \n¶pw a\knemIp¶p. CXv ImÀjnI taJesb
{]XnIqeambn _m[n¡mhp¶XmWv. KXmKX sNehpw DuÀP D]tbmKhpw CXv
hÀ²n¸n¡m\pw CSbm¡p¶p. Bhmk hyhØnXn Nne KpW^e§fpw krjvSn¡p¶pïv.
h³InS \Kc§Ä t\cnSp¶ {]iv\§Ä \ap¡v A`napJoIcnt¡ïn hcp¶nñ. D¶X
kuIcy§Ä¡mbn {Kma§Ä \Kc§sf B{ibn¡p¶tXmS\p_Ôn¨pÅ {]iv\§fpw
\Kc{]tZi§fnse Zmcn{Zyhpw tIcf¯nð Xptemw IpdhmWv.
\Kc {]tZi§fpsS
km¼¯nI {]m[m\yw
tI{µkÀ¡mÀ \ntbmKn¨
tZiob \KchXvIcW I½oj³ AXnsâ ip]mÀiIfnð \Kc {]tZi§Ä km¼¯nI
hfÀ¨bpsS t{]cI iànbmbn {]hÀ¯n¡Wsa¶v A`n{]mbs¸«ncn¡p¶p. \Kc
hnIk\¯n\v klmbamIpw hn[¯nepÅ km¼¯nI \S]SnIÄ¡mWv kwØm\ kÀ¡mcpw
e£yan«ncn¡p¶Xv. Fñm \Kc {]tZi§fpsS km¼¯nI \ne Hcpt]msebñ. Hcp
\Kc{]tZi¯nsâ km¼¯nI _m²yXIÄ hnhn[ LSI§sf B{ibn¨ncn¡p¶p.
`qanimkv{X]camb Øm\w, km¼¯nI ASn¯d, {]mtZinI _Ô§Ä, IqSpXð
\nt£]§Ä kzcq]n¡m\pw Ah hym]n¸n¡m\papÅ Ignhv XpS§nbh
CXnðs¸Sp¶p.
\Kc {]tZi§Ä hnhn[
Xc¯nepÅ km¼¯nI {]{InbIfpsS tI{µamWv. Hcp {]tZi¯nsâ km¼¯nI
\nehmcw a\Ênem¡phm³ AhnsS {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ hymhkmbnI kwc`§fneqsS
Ignbpw.
C¯cw km¼¯nI hnIk\¯nsâ
\ñ hi§Ä \KchXvIcW¯n\pw, AXneqsS ]ptcmKXn¡pambn
{]tbmP\s¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv. \KchXvIcWhpw km¼¯nI ]ptcmKXnbpw At\ym\yw
_Ôs¸« {]Xn`mk§fmWv. km¼¯nI hfÀ¨ XzcnXs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v klmbn¡p¶
\KchXvIcW \bamWv cq]hXvIcnt¡ïXv.
kwØm\¯n\pÅ ]cnanX
hn`h§Ä D]tbmKs¸Sp¯pt¼mÄ kmaqlnI {]Xn_²XIsf Hgnhm¡mt\m
\ncmIcn¡mt\m km²yañ. Cu taJebnð kwØm\¯n\v A[nI \nt£]w DSs\
km²yañ. \Kck`IfpsS km¼¯nIØnXnbpw hfsc sa¨añ.
\nbam\pkrXambn
\Kck`IÄ cq]hXvIcn¡p¶Xn\pÅ am\ZÞ§Ä
\Kck`IfpsS
cq]hXvIcW¯n\v enJnX \nba§Ä \nehnenñ. ap\nkn¸ð ]«W§fpsS
{]m[m\yw, \KchXvIcW {]hWX, kwtbmPnX hnIk\¯n\pÅ BhiyIX,
P\km{µX, hcpam\w, sa¨s¸« `cWkwhn[m\¯nsâ BhiyIX F¶nh ]cnKWn¨mWv
\Kck`Isf ap³kn¸ð tImÀ¸tdj\pIfmbn DbÀ¯p¶Xv. tIcf ap\nkn¸ð
\nba§fnð CXn\v hyhØ sNbvXn«nñ. F¶ncp¶mepw kÀ¡mÀ D¯chv
Fw.Fkv.\¼À 108/67/F¨v.Fð.Un. XobXn amÀ¨v 2, 1967 {]Imcw Xmsg
]dbp¶ am\ZÞ§fpsS ASnØm\¯nð \Kck`IÄ cq]oIcn¡p¶p.
- {]tZiw {][m\ambpw
\Kckz`mhapÅXmbncn¡Ww. AXmbXv {]mb]qÀ¯nbmbhcnð ap¡mð `mK¯nð
IpdbmsX ImÀjntIXc tPmenIfnð hym]rXcmbncn¡Ww.
-
P\kwJy 20,000 ð
Ipdbm³ ]mSnñm¯Xpw P\km{µX 2.59 N.In.aoädn\v 4000þð Ipdbm³
]mSnñm¯XpamWv.
-
{]tZis¯ Btfmlcn
hcpam\w A©v cq]bnð Ipdbm³ ]mSnñ.
F¶mð \nehnepÅ hnIk\
{]hÀ¯\w IW¡nseSp¯v Hcp amäw BhiyamsW¶v kÀ¡mcn\v t_m²ys¸«n«pïv.
Hcp {]tZiw \Kck`bmbn DbÀ¯p¶Xn\pw, \nehnepÅ \Kck`IfpsS A[nImc
]cn[n hn]peqIcn¡p¶Xn\pw DNnXamb am\ZÞ§Ä kÀ¡mÀ \nÝbn¡p¶XmWv.
kwØm\s¯ ap\nkn¸ð ]«W§fpsSbpw ap\nkn¸ð tImÀ¸tdj\pIfpsSbpw ]«nI
A\p_Ôw 1þð DÄs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶p.
74þDw 75þDw `cWLS\m
t`ZKXnIÄ {]Imcw kwØm\s¯ Bkq{XW kwhn[m\¯n\pïmb
]cnhÀ¯\§Ä
`cWLS\m t`ZKXnsb
XpSÀ¶v 1994þð \nehnð h¶ tIcfm ]©mb¯v cmPv \nbahpw ap\nkn¸ð
\nbahpw A[nImc hntI{µoIcW cwKs¯ hgn¯ncnhmbncp¶p. Xt±i `cW
Øm]\§Ä¡v IqSpXð A[nImc§Ä ssIamdm\pÅ hyhØIÄ Cu \nba§fnð
DÄs¸Sp¯nbn«pïv.
]©mb¯v cmPv \nbaw
A\pkcn¨pÅ {XnXe `cW kanXnIÄ 1995 ð BWv tIcf¯nð A[nImctaäXv.
CXns\ XpSÀ¶v {]tXyI D¯chneqsS kwØm\s¯ A\h[n Øm]\§sfbpw AhnSs¯
Poh\¡mtcbpw kÀ¡mÀ Xt±i kzbw`cW Øm]\§Ä¡v ssIamdn. CXn\p ]pdta
kwØm\¯nsâ 1996þse _UvPäv dnt¸mÀ«nð Xt±i`cW Øm]\§Ä¡pÅ
{KmâvþC³þFbvUns\ Ipdn¨pÅ hniZmwi§Ä Hcp {]tXyI tcJbmbn
(A\p_Ôwþ4) Bbn tNÀ¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Xt±i`cW Øm]\§Ä¡pÅ ^ïv {]tXyI
C\ambn DÄs¸Sp¯pIbpw AXn\v `cWm\paXn t\SpIbpw sNbvXXv ]pXnb
XpS¡ambn. kwØm\ ]²Xn hnlnX¯nð 35 iXam\hpw Xt±i`cW Øm]\§fpsS
hnlnXamWv.
kwØm\ kÀ¡mÀ 1996þð
A[nImc hntI{µoIcW¯n\v XpS¡an«p. BKÌv 17þ\v Bcw`n¨
A[nImchntI{µoIcW Im¼bn\pw A[nImchntI{µoIcWs¯ Ipdn¨v ]Tn¡m\pÅ
I½nänbpsS \nba\hpw Cu cwKs¯ kp{][m\ kw`h§fmbncp¶p. ]²Xn
{]hÀ¯\§sf kw_Ôn¨v kwØm\ Bkq{XW hIp¸pw Xt±i `cW hIp¸pw cmjv{Sob
]mÀ«nIfpsSbpw k¶² kwLS\IfpsSbpw kmt¦XnI hnZKvZcpsSbpw
P\{]Xn\n[nIfpsSbpw klIcWt¯msS \S¯nb Im¼bn\pIÄ A[nImc
hntI{µoIcW k¦ð]w IqSpXð P\Iobam¡n amäp¶Xn\v klmbn¨p. CXnsâ
^eambn hnIk\hpw A[nImchpw XmsgX«nð \n¶pw Bcw`n¡Wsa¶ Aht_m[w
P\§fnð DïmhpIbpw Hcp ]pXnb hnIk\ kwkvImc¯n\v tIcf¯nð Bcw`w
Ipdn¡pIbpw sNbvXp.
A[nImc
hntI{µoIcW¯n\mbn cq]oIrXamb I½nän 1996 BKÌnð X¿mdm¡nb
dnt¸mÀ«nse ip]mÀiIÄ kÀ¡mcnsâ \bcq]oIcW¯n\v {]tNmZ\ambn.
IgnhpäXpw iànbpÅXpamb Xt±i`cW Øm]\§Ä tIcf¯nð DbÀ¶p hcp¶Xn\mbn
I½nän AhcpsS \nÀt±iw tIcf ]©mb¯v cmPv BIvSnepw ap\nkn¸ð
BIvSnepw DÄs¡mÅn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. I½nänbpsS Cu \nÀtZiw
P\Iobmkq{XW {]Øm\¯n\v ASn¯dbnSpIbpw AXv \½psS kwØm\s¯ Xt±i`cW
Øm]\§fpsS {]hÀ¯\¯nsâ BWn¡ñmbn amdpIbpw sNbvXp.
{]tXyIXIÄ \ndª
tIcf¯nsâ A[nImchntI{µoIcW {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v IqSpXð {]tNmZ\ambn Xmsg
]dbp¶ `cW Xocpam\§Ä DïmhpIbpw sNbvXp.
Xt±i`cW Øm]\§fnse
AwK§fpsS AgnaXnsb¡pdn¨v At\zjn¡p¶Xn\mbpÅ Hcp GImwK
Hmw_pUvkvam³ I½nän \nehnð h¶p. IqSmsX ss{S_yqWepIÄ
Øm]n¡p¶Xn\pÅ hyhØIÄ tIcf ap\nkn¸menän \nba§fnð
DÄs¸Sp¯nbn«papïv.
Xt±i `cW Øm]\§fnð
s]Àt^ma³kv HmUnäpIÄ \S¯p¶Xn\mbn kwØm\ s]Àt^ma³kv HmUnäv
AtXmdnän \nehnð h¶p.
tIcf CÌnäyq«v t^mÀ
tem¡ð AUvan\nkvt{Sj³ (Ine) Xt±i `cW Øm]\§fnse AwK§Ä¡pw
DtZymKØÀ¡pw Bhiyamb ]cnioe\w \ðIp¶ Øm]\amb Ine C´ybnse Xs¶ Hcp
{][m\ tI{µambn DbÀ¶p Ignªp.
Adnhpt\Sm\pÅ AhImis¯
kw_Ôn¨ Hcp ]pXnb ImgvN¸mSv tIcf ]©mb¯v cmPv \nba¯nepw tIcf
ap\nkn¸menän \nba¯nepw DÄs¸Sp¯n.
{]mtZinI taJehnIk\s¯
kw_Ôn¨ \b§Ä Pnñm kwØm\ kanXnIfpambn GtIm]n¸n¡p¶Xn\pw aäpambn
apJya{´n sNbÀam\mbpÅ kwØm\Xe I½nän cq]oIcn¨p.
]²XnIÄ X¿mdm¡p¶Xn\v
Xt±i `cW Øm]\§Ä¡v A\paXn \ðInbXn\mð hnIk\ AtXmdnänIfpsS
{]m[m\yw Ipdªp. \nehnepïmbncp¶ A©v hnIk\ AtXmdnänIÄ \nÀ¯em¡n.
Pnñm ]©mb¯v {]knUâpamsc Pnñm hnIk\ GP³knIfpsS A[y£òmcm¡pIbpw
sNbvXp.
A[nImc hntI{µoIcW
]²XnIfpambn _Ôs¸« \bcq]oIcW¯n\pw Xocpam\§Ä¡pw thïn
Xt±i`cWhIp¸p a{´n A[y£\mbpÅ kwØm\Xe GtIm]\ kanXn \nehnð h¶p.
CXv HutZymKnI cwKs¯ ImeXmakw Hgnhm¡m³ klmbn¡pw.
Xt±i`cW Øm]\§fnte¡pfpf
sXcsªSp¸n\mbpÅ kwØm\ Ce£³ I½oj³ cq]hXvIcn¨p CXn\Iw cïv
sXcsªSp¸pIÄ I½ojsâ NpaXebnð \S¶p Ignªp.
cïv [\Imcy I½oj\pIÄ
\nehnð hcpIbpw CXnð H¶mw [\Imcy I½ojsâ `qcn`mKw \nÀtZi§fpw
kÀ¡mÀ \S¸nem¡pIbpw sNbvXp.
`cWLS\bpsS 12þmw
]«nIbnð DÄs¸Sp¯nbn«pÅXpw aäv hnhn[ hIp¸pIÄ \S¯nbncp¶Xpamb
\nch[n NpaXeIÄ Xt±i`cW Øm]\§Ä¡v ssIamdn.
PohnX\nehmcw
sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶Xn\p thïn X§fpsS ]¡ð e`yamb hn`h§fpw Adnhpw
kamlcn¡p¶Xn\v Xt±i`cW Øm]\§sf \nÀ_ÔnXcm¡pw. Xt±ikzbw`cW
Øm]\§fpsS AhImi A[nImc§sf GI]£obambpw A\pNnXambpw adnIS¶p
sImïv \nehnepÅ \nba§Ä¡v kÀ¡mÀ CfhpIÄ A\phZn¡p¶Xñ. Xt±i `cW
Øm]\§sf bYmÀ° aq¶mw Xe kÀ¡mcpIfm¡n amäp¶Xn\v kÀ¡mÀ ]camh[n
{ian¡p¶XmWv. CtXmsSm¸w Xs¶ Xt±i `cW Øm]\§Ä X§fpsS \nba
{]ImcapÅ NpaXeIÄ \nÀhln¡p¶Xn\v apJy{]m[m\yw \ðIp¶Xn\v Ahsb
t{]cn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿pw.
ZoÀLho£Wt¯mSp
IqSnb Bkq{XWw
\KchXvIcW X{´w
\½psS \Kc{]tZi§fpsS
hnIk\ Ncn{Xw, Hcp \ñ {]XoXnbñ Dfhm¡p¶Xv. CXn\v {][m\ImcWw,
\Kc¯nsâ ASnØm\ kuIcy§Ä sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v ZoÀLImet¯¡pw
{lkzImet¯¡pambn X¿mdmt¡ï amÌÀ ¹m\pIfpsSbpw, icnbmb Hcp
ho£W¯nsâbpw A`mhamWv. icnbmb hnIk\ X{´§Ä \Kc kaql¯nsâ
hnIk\mhiy§Ä DÄs¡mÅp¶hbpw kaql¯n\v B[p\nI kuIcy§Ä {]Zm\w
sN¿p¶XpamIWw. AhtbmsSm¸w, \Kc¯nsâ X\na, kwkvImcw, Ncn{Xw Ch
kwc£n¡s¸SpIbpw thWw.
tIcf¯nsâ \KchXvIcW
{]hWX ]cnKWn¡pt¼mÄ Cu cwKs¯¡pdn¨v hniIe\w BhiyamsW¶v ImWmw.
tIcf¯nð 58 ap\nkn¸ð {]tZi§fpw 101 sk³kkv ]«W§fpw, \KchXvIcW
km[yXbpÅ aäv {Kma§fpw Dsï¶ hkvXpX {]tXyIw
{it²bamWv.
km¼¯nI \nehmcw
A\pkcn¨v ap³KW\m{Ia¯nð \Kc§sf thÀXncnt¡ïXv BhiyamWv. C¯cw Hcp
{iaw sXcsªSp¯ \KchnIk\¯n\v hgnsbmcp¡pIbpw AXv aäp hnIk\
taJeIÄ¡v {]tNmZ\w \ðIpIbpw sN¿pw. km¼¯nIambn ]nt¶m¡w \nð¡p¶
\Kc{]tZi§fpsS hfÀ¨bv¡pw CXv t{]mÕml\w \ðIpw. C¯cw {]tZi§Ä
ap³KW\ ASnØm\¯nð hnIk\ \nt£] ]mt¡PpIÄ X¿mdmt¡ïXpïv.
{lkzImet¯¡v thïn,
_UvPäv hnlnX¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nð C¶p \S¸nem¡nhcp¶ hmÀjnI ]²XnIÄ,
A]cym]vXhpw, \Kc§fpsS ka{K hnIk\s¯ {]XnIqeambn _m[n¡p¶XpamWv.
Hmtcm \Kc¯nsâbpw kmaqlnI, km¼¯nI, kmwkvImcnI, ss]XrI LSI§sf
ap³\nÀ¯n ka{K kwtbmPnX hnIk\ {]hÀ¯\§Ä
cq]s¸Spt¯ïnbncn¡p¶p.
kzImcy taJebpsS
]¦mfn¯w
`uXnI PohnX\nehmc
kqNnIbnð hfsc ]ptcmKXnbmÀPn¨ kwØm\amWv tIcfw. BtcmKyw,
hnZym`ymkw XpS§nb taJeIfnð tIcfw aäp hnIkzc cmPy§Ä¡v Hcp
amXrIbmWv. AtXkabw, `uXnI ASnØm\ kuIcy§fpsS Imcy¯nð kwØm\¯nsâ
\ne timN\obamWv. kmaqly. cwKs¯ \nehnepÅ ISaIÄ XoÀ¡m³
\nÀ_ÔnXambXn\mð ASnØm\ kuIcy§Ä¡mbpÅ IqSpXð aqe[\ \nt£]¯nð Nne
\nb{´W§Ä ]men¡phm³ kÀ¡mÀ _m²yØamWv.
\Kck`IÄ¡v AhbptSXmb
km¼¯nI hn`h kamlcWw \St¯ïXpïv. \Kck`IÄ Icw Npa¯m\pÅ A[nImcw
^e{]Zambn D]tbmKn¡p¶nñ. Icw Npa¯enepÅ A]cym]vXXbpw \S¯n¸nepÅ
ImcytijnIpdhpw \Kck`bpsS tkh\§Ä H«pw Xr]vXnIcañm¯Xm¡p¶p.
ASnØm\ kuIcy hnIk\w P\kwJym hÀ²\hn\v A\p]mXnIañm¯Xnð tkh\cwKw
XoÀ¯pw A]cym]vXambn amdp¶p. \Kc§fnð \S¸nem¡p¶ ASnØm\ kuIcy
hnIk\ ]²XnIÄ¡p thïn s]mXp^ïv Bhiy¯n\p e`yañm¯Xn\mð aäp km¼¯nI
Øm]\§tfbpw B{ibnt¡ïn hcp¶p. CXp aqew kzImcytaJeIfpsS ]¦mfn¯hpw
e`yXbpw \Kc¯nsâ ASnØm\ kuIcy§fpsS ]ptcmKXn¡v A`nImayw am{Xañ,
XoÀ¯pw A\nhmcyambn¯ocp¶p. C´ybnse \Kctkh\§Ä sa¨s¸Sp¯m\pw
Imcy\S¯n¸n\pw km¼¯nI klmb¯n\pw kzImcyþkÀ¡mtcXc kwLS\IÄ¡v hnhn[
Bib§fpïv. Ch s]mXp P\\òbv¡mbn {]tbmP\s¸Spt¯ïXpïv.
]pdsabpÅ
GP³knbneqsSbpÅ {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡pw kzImcy taJebpsS ]¦mfn¯¯n\pw C\n
]dbp¶ taòbpïv.
-
kzImcy \n[nIfpsS
D]tbmK¯neqsS, _UvPänð an¨w
-
kabmkab¯pÅ ^ïnsâ
e`yXaqew, ]²XnbpsS thK¯nepÅ ]qÀ¯oIcWw
-
\S¯n¸nepÅ
Imcy{]m]vXn
-
Ipdª ]²Xn
sNehv
-
hym]mc hmWnPy
hnIk\w
-
\Kck`IÄ¡pw/hnIk\
AtXmdnänIÄ¡pw ImXemb aäp taJeIfnð {i² tI{µoIcn¡phm\pÅ
Ahkcw
-
kwc£W¯n\pÅ
D¯hmZnXzhpw DtZymKØ \nb{´Whpw Hgnhm¡ð
-
kÀ¡mÀ hcpam\w
hÀ²n¸n¡ð
-
aqe[\ hn]W\ cwK¯v
Ahkc§Ä
-
t\cn«pÅ hntZi
\nt£]§Ä XzcnXs¸Sp¯m\pÅ Ahkcw
-
]pXnb kmt¦XnI
hnZybpsS e`yX
kzImcytaJebpsS
]¦mfn¯¯neqsS, DbÀ¶ \nehmc¯nepÅ Imcy£aX ssIhcn¡m\mIpw F¶ Bibw
Ft¸mgpw icnbmbncn¡Ww F¶nñ. Nne tkh\ taJeIÄ, hfsc ^e{]Zambpw,
sshZKv²yt¯msSbpw P\§Ä¡v F¯n¡phm³ s]mXptaJebv¡pw
kzImcytaJebv¡pw Htct]mse Ignbp¶pïv. \Kctkh\ cwK¯v kzImcy
]¦mfn¯w ^e{]ZamIp¶tXmsSm¸w, Nne A]IS§fpw hnfn¨p hcp¯pw.
em`¡pdhpÅ taJeIfnð {]hÀ¯\§Ä hym]n¸n¡m³ IcmdpImÀ hnk½Xn¡phm\pÅ
km[yXbpw IqSmsX Ip¯I taJeIfnð hne hÀ²\hv, ]m¸cXzw, DXv]mZIÀ
X½nð kwtbmPnX {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡pÅ {]Xn_豈 F¶nh k½À± X{´§fmbn
D]tbmKn¡s¸Smw. Cu kmlNcy¯nð kÀ¡mcn\v ]²XnbpsS \nb{´w, ^ïnwKv
F¶nhbnð kmcamb Hcp ]¦v hlnt¡ïn hcpw. ]²Xn \nÀhlW¯nð BXy´nIamb
D¯chmZnXzw kÀ¡mcn\v DïmIWw, F¶mð ]²Xn \S¯n¸p Imcy¯nð ]qÀW
D¯hmZnXzw kzImcytaJebv¡v \ðIpIbpw thWw. Cu kµÀ`¯nð kÀ¡mcnsâbpw
kzImcy taJebpsSbpw {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v hyàamb thÀXncnhv Dd¸phcp¯pIbpw
thWw. \b]cn]mSnIÄ \S¸m¡pI, km¼¯nI hn\ntbmKw, kwtbmPnX {]hÀ¯\w,
tkh\§fpsS \nehmcw sa¨s¸Sp¯ð, DXv]mZ\w hnebncp¯ð XpS§nbhbpsS
hyhØIÄ cq]s¸Sp¯ð F¶nh kÀ¡mcnsâ \nb{´W¯nemhWw. kÀ¡mÀ
s]mXp\nb{´W NpaXe XpStcïXpïv.
\nIpXnZmbIÀ¡v Gähpw
Ipdª sNehnð Gähpw sa¨s¸« tkh\w e`yam¡p¶Xn\v kÀ¡mÀ
{]XnÚm_²amWv. CX\mbn \nehnepÅ tkh\taJeIÄ kzImcy GP³knIÄ hgn
\S¸m¡pI, kzImcyhXvIcWw, ]n.]n.]n F¶nh DÄs¸sSbpÅ Fñm km[yXIfpw
{]tbmP\s¸Sp¯p¶XmWv. klIcW Øm]\§sfbpw kÀ¡mcnXc Øm]\§sfbpw Cu
DZya¯nð ]¦mfnIfm¡p¶Xn\pÅ km[yX Bcmbp¶XmWv.
\Kc dKpteädn
AtXmdnän
kwØm\¯v Hcp \Kc
dKpteädn AtXmdnän cq]oIcn¡pw. Fñm \Kck`Ifnepw tkh\ taJeIfnð
kzImcy taJebpsS ]¦mfn¯w Dd¸p hcp¯ð, \Kck`m tkh\§fnse
Ip¯ImhImiw Hgnhm¡ð, tkh\§fpsS KpW\nehmcw sa¨s¸Sp¯ð,
s]mXpP\§Ä¡v e`yam¡p¶ tkh\§fpsS sNehv \ymbamWv F¶pd¸p hcp¯ð,
]cmXnIfpw A`n{]mb§fpw kzoIcn¡ð F¶o D¯chmZnXz§Ä AtXmdnänbnð
\n£n]vXambncn¡pw. Cu e£y§Ä \ndthäm³ \Kc dKpteädn AtXmdnän¡v
\nba{]ImcapÅ A[nImcw \ðIp¶XmWv. XpS¡sa¶ \nebnð XriqÀ ap\nkn¸ð
tImÀ¸tdj\nse PehnXcWw, sshZypXn hnXcWw XpS§nbhpambn _Ôs¸«
{]iv\§Ä Cu AtXmdnänbpsS A[nImc ]cn[nbnð
sImïphcp¶XmWv.
hfÀ¨m tI{µ§fpsS
hnIk\w
hyhkmbw, hym]mcw,
hmWnPyw, Sqdnkw, hnhc kmt¦XnI hnZy XpS§nb hnhn[ taJeIfnð
h³hnIk\ tI{µ§fmbn amdm³ km[yXbpÅ \Kc{]tZi§Ä Isï¯pIbpw, Ahsb
Bkq{XnXambn hnIkn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿pw. Cu hnIk\ tI{µ§Ä, taJebnse
P\§fpsS km¼¯nI \nehmcw DbÀ¯p¶Xn\v klmbIamIpw. IqSmsX
Bkq{XnXañm¯ \Kc ]²XnIÄ sh«n¨pcp¡m\pw, {Kma{]tZi§fnse em`Icamb
ImÀjnI taJebv¡pïmIp¶ {]XnIqe ^e§Ä CñmXm¡m\pw Ignbpw. CXv
kwØm\¯nsâ Xs¶ km¼¯nI k´penXmhØbv¡v klmbIamIpw. hfÀ¨m tI{µ§fpsS
ASnØm\ kuIcy \nehmcw sa¨s¸Sp¯n, hÀ²n¨phcp¶ Bhiy§Ä \ndthäm³
]cym]vXam¡p¶XmWv. kzImcy s]mXptaJeIfpsS kwbpà ]¦mfn¯t¯mSpIqSn
hnhn[ ]²XnIÄ hfÀ¨m tI{µ§fnð \S¸m¡p¶Xn\pÅ km[yX
Bcmbp¶XmWv.
Bkq{XnX
hnIk\w
tIcf¯nse {][m\
]«W§fpsSbpw \Kc§fpsSbpw hnIkt\mòpJamb {]hÀ¯\§Ä
Bhiy§Ä¡m\p]mXnIañ. `uXnIhpw kmaqlnIhpamb ASnØm\ kuIcy§Ä
ASnb´ncambn sa¨s¸Spt¯ïXpïv. \Kc{]tZi§sf ap³KW\m{Ia {]Imcw
Nn«s¸Sp¯n hnIk\ ]²XnIfnð DÄs¸Sm¯ ]«W§Ä¡mbn CS¡me hnIk\ ]²XnIÄ
X¿mdm¡p¶XmWv. tI{µmhnjvIrX ]²Xnbmb sNdpXpw CS¯chpamb ]«W§fpsS
ka{K hnIk\ ]²XnbnepÄs¸Sp¯n (sF.Un.Fkv.Fw.än) \Kc hnIk\
t{]mPIvSpIÄ IqSpXð ]«W§Ä¡mbn GsäSp¡p¶Xn\v CXv klmbIcamhpw.
{Sm^nIv C{¼qhvsaâv amt\Pvsaâv ]²XnIfpw kab_ÔnXambn X¿mdm¡n Cu
\Kc{]tZi§fnð \S¸m¡p¶XmWv.
hnIk\ km[yXIfpw
kmlNcy§fpw ASnØm\am¡n tIcf¯nse 58 ]«W§sf A©v hn`mK§fmbn
XcwXncn¨n«pïv.
sIm¨n \KctaJe CXn\Iw
hyhkmb hmWnPy kwc`§fmð Gsd {i² BIÀjn¨n«pïv. XpdapJw,
hnam\¯mhfw, sdbnðsh XpS§nbhbpsS km¶n²yw Cu ]«W¯nsâ hnIk\¯n\v
Gsd klmbIamhp¶p. ASnØm\ kuIcy§Ä sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶Xn\pw hnIk\ ]²XnIÄ
\S¸nem¡p¶Xn\v {]mapJyw Cu \Kc{]tZi¯n\mWv. tZiob \KchXvIcW
I½oj³ Cu taJesb ap³KW\ \KchXvIcW taJebmbn sXcsªSp¯n«pïv.
tIcf¯nsâ XeØm\amb
Xncph\´]pcw `cW tI{µw IqSnbmWv. tIcf¯nsâ `cWþ\nba \nÀamW
tI{µ§fpsS km¶n[yw Cu \Kc¯nsâ hfÀ¨bv¡v {]tNmZ\ambn«pïv.
CtXmsSm¸w Xs¶ DbÀ¶ hnZym`ymk \nehmchpw BtcmKy]cn]me\
kuIcy§fpw, anI¨ hnt\mZ k©mc tI{µ§fpw Cu \KctaJebpsS {]m[m\yw
hÀ²n¸n¡p¶p. hnIk\ ]cnKW\bpsS Imcy¯nð H¶mw Øm\w XeØm\
\Kc{]tZiamb Xncph\´]pc¯n\mWv.
hS¡³ PnñIfpsS
hnIk\¯nsâ tI{µ_nµphmWv tImgnt¡mSv ]«Ww. h\þImÀjnIm[njvSnX
hyhkmb§fpsS tI{µambmWv Cu \Kcw Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv. `t£ymXv]¶§Ä,
aÕyhn`h§Ä, kpKÔ{Zhy§Ä F¶nhbpsS hmWnPyw Cu \Kc¯nsâ hnIk\
km[yXIÄ¡v B¡w Iq«p¶p. \½psS kwØm\¯nsâ D¯ctaJebpsS hnIk\¯nð
kp{][m\ ]¦v hln¡m³ Cu \Kc¯n\v Ignbpw. Cu ho£W§fpsS ASnØm\¯nð
ap³KW\m ]«nIbnð cïmw Øm\w tImgnt¡mSn\mWv.
XriqÀ, I®qÀ, sImñw,
Be¸pg, ]me¡mSv, tIm«bw, XpS§nb Pnñm XeØm\ \Kc kap¨b§Ä AhbpsS
DÄ{]tZi§Ä¡v DbÀ¶ \nebnepÅ tkh\§fpw, hym]mcw, BtcmKyw,
hnZym`ymkw, DXv]mZ\ kuIcy§Ä F¶nhbpw e`yam¡p¶hbmWv. ChbpsS
hnIk\ km[yXbpw GsdbmWv. Cu \Kc§fnse ASnØm\ kuIcy§Ä
kzImcytaJebnse DXv]mZ\tI{µ§sf BIÀjn¡p¶Xn\pw A§s\ kwØm\¯nsâ
hnIk\¯nð Imcyamb ]¦p hln¡p¶Xn\pw klmbn¡p¶p. Ah IqSpXð
D]tbmKs¸Spt¯ïXv BhiyamWv. Cu kmlNcy¯nð ap³KW\m]«nIbnð aq¶mw
Øm\¯v tað¸dª Pnñm BØm\ \Kc§fmWv.
tijn¡p¶ ap\nkn¸ð
]«W§sf \memw {Ia¯nð DÄs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶p. ChbpsS hnIk\ km[yXIfpw
Ignhpw ]cnKWn¨mWv C¯c¯nð {IaoIcn¨n«pÅXv.
ASnØm\ kuIcyhnIk\¯n\v
thïn ap³KW\mSnØm\¯nð ]«W§sf Xcw Xncn¡p¶Xn\v DNnXamb am\ZÞ§Ä
\nÝbn¡p¶XmWv. ap³KW\bnepÅ Øm\w Adnbp¶Xn\pw sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶Xn\pw
\Kck`IÄ¡v CXv D]Icn¡pw. \Kck`IfpsS {]hÀ¯\w hnebncp¯nbXn\ptijta
]²Xn hnlnXw \ðIpIbpÅq.
tað¸dª Hmtcm
hn`mK¯nsebpw ]«W§Ä¡v {lkzImeþZoÀLIme hnIk\ ]mt¡PpIÄ X¿mdm¡n
Fñm taJeIfpambn ka\zbn¸n¨v kab_ÔnXambn \S¸nem¡p¶XmWv.
\nbam\pkrXambn X¿mdm¡nbn«pÅ \Kcmkq{XW ]²XnIfnðs¸«
t{]mPIvSpIÄ¡v hnIk\ ]mt¡PpIÄ X¿mdm¡pt¼mÄ ap³KW\
\ðIpw.
km¼¯nI \nÀtZi§fpw ]²Xn
\nÀtZi§fpw ka\zbn¸n¨v sam¯¯nepÅ Bkq{XnX hnIk\w Dd¸phcp¯pw.
\Kcmkq{XW ]²XnIÄ \S¸nem¡p¶Xn\p thïn Bhiyamb XpI hIsImÅn¡pw.
\nbam\pkrXamb ZoÀLIme {lkzIme hnIk\ ]²XnIsf Bkv]Zam¡nthWw
hmÀjnI ]²XnIÄ X¿mdmt¡ïXv.
\½psS kwØm\¯n\v
sam¯ambpw _m[Iambn«pÅ Hcp GIoIrX \Kcmkq{XW \nbaw \nehnenñ.
\nehnepÅ \nbaw ]cnanX A[nImc§tfmSp IqSnbXmWv. s]mXp \Kcmkq{XW
]²XnIfpw, hniZ \Kcmkq{XW ]²XnIfpw \S¸nem¡p¶Xn\v kmlNcyw
Hcp¡pIbmWv Ct¸mgpÅ \nbaw aqew Ignbp¶Xv. kwØm\ hnIk\ ]²XnIÄ,
taJem hnIk\ ]²XnIÄ, Pnñm hnIk\ ]²XnIÄ, \Kc hnIk\ ]²XnIÄ,
{]tXyI hnIk\ ]²XnIÄ F¶nhsb _Ôs¸Sp¯n \Kcmkq{XW¯n\v Hcp GIoIrX
\nbaw cq]oIcn¡p¶Xn\pÅ \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¨p hcp¶p.
]²Xn \S¯n¸nsâ Imcy¯nð
hmÀUv Xe¯nepÅ Xocpam\§Ä \Kck`IfpsS sam¯amb hnIk\ {]iv\§sf
AhKWn¡p¶Xmbn ImWp¶p. ]«W§fpsS ZoÀL ImemSnØm\¯nepÅ hnIk\¯n\mbn
sXcsªSp¯ ]²XnIÄ \S¸nem¡p¶Xn\v kÀ¡mÀ km¼¯nI klmbw \ðIp¶Xn\v
Dt±in¡p¶p. CXn\mbn tIcf AÀ_³ Uhe]vsaâv C¶thj³ ^ïn\v kÀ¡mÀ cq]w
\ðIp¶XmWv. CXphgnbpÅ km¼¯nI klmb¯n\v ]cnKWnt¡ï ]²XnIsf¡pdn¨pw
^ïv sNehgn¡p¶Xns\¡pdn¨papÅ amÀK\nÀtZi§Ä kÀ¡mÀ
]pds¸Sphn¡p¶XmWv.
\Kc
`q\bw
`qanbpsS GIoIcWw
\½psS kwkvImc¯nsâ
DdhnSw `qanbmIbmð AXv thï Xc¯nð kwc£n¨v kaql¯nsâ s]mXphmb
\òbv¡p thïn D]tbmKnt¡ïXv hfsd AXyhmiyamWv. s]mXp kuIcy§Ä¡pw,
tkh\§Ä¡pw F{X BhiyapÅXmsW¦nð t]mepw Øew Isï¯phm³, kwØm\s¯
P\km{µX aqew, IgnbmsX hcp¶p. \Kc{]tZi§fnð Cu {]iv\w cq£amWv.
C¯cw s]mXp kuIcy§Ä¡pthï Øew \Kc`qan GIoIcWw hgn GsäSp¡m\mIpw.
]Icw `qan \ðIpI, hnIk\ A[nImcw (än.Un.BÀ) ssIamdpI,
\Kc`qanbpsS ]p\cmhnjvIcWw, emâv _m¦pIIfpsS cq]oIcWw, `qan
]m«¯n\v \ðIð F¶nhbpsS km[yXIÄ hniZambn A]{KYn¨v
\S¸nem¡p¶XmWv.
hnhn[ {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡mbn
\Kc`qanbpsS Bhiyw hÀ²n¡p¶X\pkcn¨v AXnsâ hnebpw IpXn¨pbcp¶p. Cu
kmlNcy¯nð \Kc`qanbpsS hn\ntbmKw kw_Ôn¨v IqSpXð {i² BhiyamWv.
ASnØm\ ØnXnhnhcIW¡pIsf kw_Ôn¨v hyàamb [mcW \Kc`qan sa¨s¸«
coXnbnð ssIImcyw sN¿p¶Xn\v klmbIamIpw. \Kc`qan kw_Ôamb
ØnXnhnhc IW¡pIÄ L«w L«ambn X¿mdm¡p¶XmWv. Bkq{XWhpambn _Ôs¸«
Øm]\§Ä DÄs¸sS kwØm\s¯ am\htijnbpw kmt¦XnI sshZKv²yhpw CXn\mbn
D]tbmKs¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv.
`qan Gddzpw
A\ptbmPyamb D]tbmK¯n\mbn sXcsªSp¡phm\pÅ A[nImcw kÀ¡mcnð Xs¶
\n£n]vXambncn¡Ww. \Kc{]tZi§fnð Iïphcp¶ Aimkv{Xobamb `qhn\ntbmK
amä§Ä imkv{Xob ]T\§sf B[mcam¡n \nb{´nt¡ïXmWv. `qanimkv{X]camb
hkvXpXIÄ IW¡nseSp¯v `qhn\ntbmK \bw cq]s¸Sp¯Ww. \½psS Pehn`h§Ä,
J\`qhn`h§Ä, Irjn, `qan, h\`qan, {Kma\Kc {]tZi§Ä F¶nhbpsS
{][m\yw a\knem¡nbmhWw AXv cp]s¸Spt¯ïXv. CXn\v hnhn[ kÀ¡mÀ
AÀ²kÀ¡mÀ Øm]\§fpsS klIcWw Dd¸phcp¯Ww.
s]mXpP\§Ä¡v t{ZmlIcw
Añm¯ coXnbnð tdmUphnIk\¯n\v Bhiyamb Øew GsäSp¡p¶Xn\v kÀ¡mcn\v
IgnbWw. tdmUv hnIk\¯n\mbn `pan GsäSp¡pt¼mÄ ssIamä k{¼Zmbw hyhØ
kzoIcn¡p¶XneqsS `qhpSabpambn Hcq _Zð kwhn[m\w Hcp¡p¶Xn\v
Ignbp¶XmWv.
hnIk\
Icw
]²Xn{]tZi¯v \S¡p¶ `qan
ssIamäw,]pXnb \nÀ½mW {]hÀ¯\§Ä, ]pXnb hmWnPy kwcw`§Ä F¶nhbnð
\n¶v hnIk\ Icw CuSm¡mhp¶XmWv. `qan ssIamäw, ]pXnb \nÀ½mW
{]hÀ¯\§Ä F¶nhbv¡v Icw Hcp XhW am{XamsW¦nð hmWnPy kwcw`§Ä¡v
hÀjwtXmdpw Icw GÀs¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv. C¯cw Icw CuSm¡p¶Xn\v `qan
s]m¶pw hnebv¡v FSp¡p¶Xn\pff hnÚm]\w, hnIk\ {]hÀ¯\§Ä
\nb{´n¡p¶Xn\pff \Kcþ {Kmamkq{XW \nba{]Imcapff hnÚm]\w,
\nÀt±in¡s¸Sp¶ tPmenbpsS ZÀLmkv F¶nh _m[Iam¡mhp¶XmWv. kwØm\þ
tI{µ kÀ¡mÀ, Xt±i`cW Øm]\§Ä, hnIk\ AtXmdnänIÄ, s]mXptaJem
Øm]\§Ä, kzImcy Ø]\§Ä XpS§n Fñm taJeIfnepw ]²XnIÄ \S¸nem¡pt¼mÄ
Cu Icw CuSm¡mhp¶XmWv.
hnIk\ AtXmdnänIÄ
\nehnepffnS¯v hnIk\ Icw Ahbv¡v CuSm¡mhp¶XmWv. AtXmdnänIÄ
\nehnñm¯ Øe§fnð Cu NpaXe Xt±i `cW Øm]\§Ä GsäSp¡Ww. t{]mPIvSns\
ASnØm\am¡n Cu Icw A©papXð 15 hÀjw hsc XpScmhp¶XmWv. C§s\
kamlcnt¡ï XpI hfsc hepXmIphm³ ]mSnñ. IqSmsX Icw CuSm¡p¶Xn\v
kÀ¡mcnð \n¶p {]tXyI A\paXn hm§mhp¶XmWv. Hcmfnð \n¶pw AanXamb
hnIk\ Icw CuSm¡p¶ kmlNcyw Hgnhmt¡ïXmWv. bqkÀ^o CuSm¡p¶ Hcmsf
Cu Ic¯nð \n¶pw Hgnhm¡Wsa¶nñ. tdmUv hnIk\¯n\mbn `qan \ðIp¶Xnð
P\§sf t{]mðkmln¸n¡p¶Xn\pthïn IqSpXð F^v.Fkv.sF
A\qhZn¡mhp¶XmWv. Nne kµÀ`§fnð {]tXyI {i² Bhiyambn hcpw.
ssIamdp¶ hkvXphnsâ hne \nÀt±in¡p¶ hnIk\ {]hÀ¯\ Ic¯ns\¡mÄ
IqSpXemsW¦nð B hkvXphnsâ DSasb hnIk\ Ic¯nð \n¶pw
Hgnhm¡mhp¶XmWv. F¶mð ssIamdp¶ hkvXphnsâ hne \nÀt±in¡s¸« hnIk\
Ict¯¡mÄ IpdhmsW¦nð hnIk\ Ic¯nð B\p]mXnIambn Ipdhp
hcp¯mhp¶XmWv. hnIk\ Icw _m[IamIp¶Xv ]²XnbpsS KpWt`màmhn\v
am{Xambncn¡pw.
_lp\ne aµnc§fpsSbpw
h³InS A¸mÀ«psasâpIfpsSbpw \nÀamWhpw D]tbmKhpw kao]Ime¯v \Kc
{]tZi§fnð ZriyamIp¶ Hcp {]hWXbmWv. CXv Nne {]iv\§Ä DbÀ¯mdpïv.
\nch[n L«§fnð A\phZ\obamb ]camh[n F^v, sF, Bdnð Gä¡pd¨nepIÄ
DïmImdpïv. Bkq{XW ImgvN]mSnð hnebncp¯pt¼mÄ F^v. sF . BÀ
\nÝbnt¡ïXv B {]tZis¯ ASnØm\ kuIcy§fpsS e`yX ]cnKWn¨mbncn¡Ww.
_lp\ne aµnc§Ä A\phZn¡pt¼mÄ AhnSs¯ ASnØm\ kuIcy§fpsS e`yX Ah
k´penXambn hÀ²n¸n¡m\pff km[yX XpS§nbh ]cnKWn¡Ww. Nne
{]{InbIfnð \nÀamXm¡fnð \n¶pff klIcWhpw tXSWw. \Kc§fnð
C¯c¯nepff {]hÀ¯\§Ä FhnsS A\phZn¡msa¶p Iïp]nSn¨v hnIk\
]²XnIfpsS taJem \nb{´W N«§fpambn _Ôs¸Sp¯n
\S¸nem¡mhp¶XmWv.
]mc¼cy
sI«nS§fpsSbpw kap¨b§fpsSbpw Xpdkmb Øe§fpsSbpw
kwc£Ww.
tIcf¯nse Ncn{X
{]m[m\yapff ]«W§nð C¶pw ]c¼cmKX sI«nS§fpw AXpÄs¸Sp¶ ssaXm\§fpw
\ne\nð¡p¶p. Sqdnk¯n\v {]tNmZ\w \ðIp¶Xn\pw AXphgn kwØm\¯nsâ
km¼¯ntIm¶a\¯n\papff {][m\ amÀ¤§fnsem¶v aqeytadnb sI«nS§fpsSbpw
kYe§fpsSbpw kwc£W¯n\v ap³KW\ \ðIpIsb¶XmWv. Cu
e£y{]m]vXn¡\ptbmPyamb kvIoapIfpw t{]mPIvSpIfpw N«§fpw
{]mhÀ¯nIam¡mhp¶XmWv. Ncn{X {]m[m\yapff hkvXp kwc£n¡p¶Xn\p
_Zembn aäp Øe§fnð IqSpXð CfhpIfpw hnIk\ kuP\y§fpw hkvXp
DSaIÄ¡v \ðIp¶XmWv. tIcf BÀSv Bâv sldntäPv I½njsâ ]¦v CXn\mbn
iàns¸Sp¯p¶XmWv. Ncn{X]chpw kmwkvImcnI]chpambn {]m[m\yapff
tI{µ§Ä kwc£n¡pIhgn Xt±ikzbw`cW Øm]\§Ä¡v hnt\mZk©mc taJesb
t{]mðkmln¸n¡mhp¶XmWv.
tIcf¯nse ]«W§fnse
]mÀ¡pIfpw ssaXm\§fpw AwKoIrX am\ZÞ§Ä ]men¡p¶nñ. Aayqkvsaâv
]mÀ¡pIÄ, dn{Intbj³ hm¡vthbvkv F¶nh DÄs¸sSbpff ]mÀ¡pIÄ ,
ssaXm\§ð XpS§nbhbpsS hnIk\¯n\v AÀln¡p¶ {]m[m\yhpw t{]mÕml\hpw
\ðIp¶XmWv. \nehnepff ssaXm\§Ä aäv Bhiy§Ä¡mbn amäp¶Xn\v
\ntcm[\w GÀs¸Sp¯p¶XmWv.
{][m\ hnIk\ ]²InIÄ
AwKoImc¯n\pthïn kaÀ¸n¡pt¼mÄ kÀ¡mÀ GP³knIÄ DÄs¸sSbpff Fñm
\nÀamXm¡fpw At]£ItfmsSm¸w ]cnØnXn hniIe\ tÌävsaâv kaÀ¸n¡Ww.
CXn\pthï amÀKtcJIÄ kÀ¡mÀ \ðIp¶XmWv.
KXmKXw
kwØm\s¯ \Kc {]tZi§fnð
`qcn`mKhpw Hcp tI{µkwkYm\¯n\v Npäpambn«mWv hnImkw {]m]n¡p¶Xv.
Nne \Kc {]tZi§fnð DïmIp¶ Xnc¡v KXmKXIpcp¡v krjvSn¡p¶qïv. {][m\
sXmgnð taJebpw A\p_Ô {]hÀ¯\§fpw ]«W¯nsâ tI{µ {]tZi¯mbncn¡pw
{]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv. Gähpw Xnc¡v IqSnb kab§fnð ChnsSbpïmIp¶ KXmKX XSkw
kabhpw DuÀPhpw \jvSs¸Sp¯p¶p. Cu kmlNcy¯nemWv sXmgnð tI{µ§fpw
aäpw hntI{µoIcn¡p¶Xnsâ Bhiyw Dbcp¶Xv. kwØm\s¯ {][m\ \Kc§fnð
`qhn\ntbmKw IqSpXð {i²m]qÀhw ssIImcyw sNbvXmð KXmKX Ipcp¡n\v
]cnlmcw ImWm³ km[n¡pw.
\Kcmkq{XW ]²XnIfnð
tdmUv hnIk\¯n\v {]tXyI {]m[m\yw \ðtIïmXmWv. L«wL«ambn Xncn¨v
]«W§fnse tdmUpIÄ hnIkn¸nt¡ïXmWv. \Kc KXmKX F©n\obdnwKv
k{¼Zmbhpw \Kc KXmKX amt\Pvsaâv k{¼Zmbhpw GtIm]n¸n¡Ww.
\nehnepff \Kc tdmUpIÄ ]qÀWambn {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯pIbpw tdmUpIfnse
A\[nIrX ssItbäw Ahkm\n¸n¡pIbpw thWw. tdmUn\p thïnbpÅ apgph³
Øehpw KXmKX tbmKyam¡pIbpw ^pSv]m¯pw, _kv_t_bvIfpw ]mÀ¡nwKv
kuIcy§fpw hnIkn¸n¡pIbpw thïXmWv. KXmKX taJebnse ]²XnIÄ kzImcy
]¦mfn¯t¯msS \S¸nem¡p¶Xnsâ km[yXIÄ Bcmbp¶XmWv.
\S¸mXIÄ , _kvt_IÄ,
s]mXp]mÀ¡nwKv Øe§Ä F¶nhbnepÅ A\[nIrX ssItbäw XSbð , AhchcpsS
hkvXphnt\mSp tNÀ¶p InS¡p¶ tdmUnsâ hi§fnse HmSIÄ, sXcphp
hnf¡pIÄ, \S¸mX F¶nhbpsS AäIpä¸WnIÄ F¶nh AXmXp hkvXp DSaIfpsS
D¯chmZnXz¯nðs]Sp¶p. hkvXp DSaIÄ¡v \Kck`, klIcW Øm]\§Ä kÀ¡mÀ
kÀ¡mcnXc Øm]\§ð apXembhcpsS klIcWw C¡mcy¯nð tXSmhp¶XmWv.
A\[nIrXambn tdmUv ssItbdp¶Xv XSbp¶Xn\v ]ng CuSm¡p¶XmWv. Imð
\Sbm{X¡mcpsS kuIcy§Ä hÀ²n¸n¡p¶Xn\pw \ShgnIÄ Dïm¡p¶Xn\pw
t{]mÕmln¸n¡p¶XmWv. tdmUnsâ hi§fnð hml\ ]mÀ¡nwKv A\phZn¡p¶Xñ.
{][m\ \Kc§fnð KXmKX \nb{´W skð cq]hXvIcn¡p¶ Imcyw kÀ¡mÀ
]cnKWn¨phcp¶p.
BtcmKy
kwc£Ww.
Xt±i`cW Øm]\§fpsS
NpaXebnð \Kc§fnð ipNoIcW {]hÀ¯\§Ä, PehnXcWw , ]IÀ¨hym[nIÄ
XSbp¶Xn\pff ]²XnIÄ , amen\y kwkvIcWw, BtcmKy hnZy`ymkw XpS§nb
BtcmKy kwc£W {]hÀ¯\§Ä \S¶p hcp¶pïv.
kv{XoIÄ¡pw,
Ipªp§Ä¡pambpff BtcmKy tI{µ§fnð AhÀ¡v Bhiyamb tkh\w e`yamWv.
F¶mð \Kc hmknIÄ ]et¸mgpw C¯cw tI{µ§fpsS {]hÀ¯\w thï coXnbnð
D]tbmKn¡p¶nñ. Xr]vXnIcamb tkh\w e`n¡m¯XmWv ImcWw. hnK²cpsS
tkh\w B{Kln¨v F¯p¶ P\§Ä¡v Cu tI{µ§fnð \n¶pw Hcp Pq\nbÀ ]»nIv
slð¯v t\gvknsâ tkh\w am{XamWv e`yamIp¶Xv. h\nXm tUmIvSÀamcpsS
A`mhw, ASnØm\ kuIcy§fmb sI«nSw, D]IcW§Ä, ^ÀWn¨dpIÄ, acp¶pIÄ
F¶nhbpsS A]cym]vXX C¯cw tI{µ§fpsS {]hÀ¯\§sf kmcambn
_m[n¡p¶pïv.
{Kma{]tZi§fnð
k_vskâdpIfpw {]mYanI BtcmKy tI{µ§fpw hgn P\§Ä¡v {]Xntcm[
Ip¯nshbv]v e`yam¡p¶pïv. BtcmKyhIp¸nsâ NpaXebnð BtcmKy
kwc£W¯n\mbpff kPoh {]hÀ¯\hpw \S¡p¶pïv.. Cu {]h¯\§Ä ]qÀWmambpw
\nb{´n¡p¶Xv Pnñm saUn¡ð Hm^nkdmWv. F¶mð ap\nkn¸menänIÄ
ipNoIcW¯nð am{XamWv tI{µoIcn¡p¶Xv. kv{XoIfpsSbpw Ipªp§fpsSbpw
BtcmKy tI{µ§Ä BtcmKyhIp¸nsâ kmt¦XnI \nÀt±i§Ä¡pw ]cntim[\bv¡pw
hnt[bamt¡ïXmWv. Cu k{¼Zmbw C\nbpw \Kc§fnð \S¸nembn«nñ. Cu
cwKs¯ tZiob ]²XnIsfñmw BtcmKyhIp¸v t\cn«mWv \S¸nem¡p¶Xv.
\Kc{]tZi§fnð Cu ]²XnIÄ `wKnbmbn \S¸nem¡p¶ NpaXe Xt±i`cW
Øm]\§Ä¡v ssIamtdïXmWv. BtcmKy ]cn]me\¯n\pw BtcmKy
hnZy`ymk¯n\pw kzImcytaJe {SÌpIÄ,kÀ¡mcnXcØm]\§Ä F¶nhbpsS tkh\
km[yXIÄ Bcmbp¶XmWv.
\nÀamW
{]{Inbbv¡pÅ Dt¯P\w
kwØm\s¯ k¼ZvhyhØbnse
amµyw ImcWw Ignª Ipsd hÀj§fmbn \nÀamWcwK¯v ]nt¶m¡mhØmbmWv
ImWp¶Xv. kwØm\s¯ Sqdnkw km[yXIÄ apgph\mbn C\nbpw
{]tbmP\s¸Sp¯nbn«nñ. hnt\mZ k©mcnIsf BIÀjn¡p¶Xn\v ASnØm\
kuIcyhnIk\w BhiyamIbmð \ñ tlm«epIfpw aäpw DbÀ¶phcp¶Xn\mbn tIcf
ap\nkn¸menän sI«nS \nÀamW N«§ð t`ZKXn sNbvXn«pïv. F¶mð
_nðUnwKv s]ÀanäpIÄ \ðIp¶Xnse ImÀ¡iyw Hgnhm¡p¶Xn\p `pan ]camh[n
D]tbmKn¡p¶Xn\pw Bhiyapff ]£w N«§Ä hoïpw t`ZKXn
sN¿p¶XmWv.
\Kc
ipNoIcWw
Agp¡pPe \nÀKa\
kwhn[m\w
Agp¡pPe \nÀKa\
kwhn[m\§fpsS ]cnanXn ]et¸mgpw \Kc hnIk\¯n\v {]iv\§ð
krjvSn¡mdpïv. Xmgv¶ \ne§Ä, shffs¡«pIÄ, Ipf§Ä XpS§nbh hnthN\
clnXambn \nI¯p¶Xv ]et¸mgpw \Kc{]tZi§fnse s{Ubnt\Pv k{¼Zmbw
Xmdpamdm¡p¶p. CXpaqew ag¡me¯pïmIp¶ ZpcnXw GsdbmWv.
`qhn\ntbmK¯n\v taJeIÄ Xncn¡pt¼mgpw , ]pXnb hnIk\ {]hÀ¯\§Ä
GsäSp¡pt¼mgpw \Kc§fnse s{Ubnt\Pv k{¼Zmb¯n\v ap³Xq¡w
sImSp¡Ww.
Agp¡pPe \nÀKa\ ]²XnIÄ
\KctdmUv hnIk\ ]²XnIfpsS `mKambn ]cnKWn¡Ww. {]tXyIXbmÀ¶
kmt¦XnI hnjbamWv \KcPe \nÀKa\ ]²Xn. Cu cwKs¯ aäv kmt¦XnI
Øm]\§fpsS klmbt¯msS tIcf¯n\v Bhiyamb s{Ubnt\Pv kwhn[m\w
sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶Xn\pff ]²XnIÄ BhnjvIcn¡Ww. Cu taJebnepw kzImcy
]¦mfn¯w tXSmhp¶XmWv.
Jc
amen\y kwkvIcWw
\Kc§Ä ipNnbmbn
kq£n¡p¶Xn\v kÀ¡mÀ hfsctbsd {]m[m\yw \ðtIïXmWv. Cu e£y
{]m]vXn¡pthïn \Kck`Ifnð Jc amen\y kwkvIcW¯n\v {]tXyIw Du¶ð
sImSp¯phcp¶p. kwØm\s¯ Fñm {][m\ ]«W§fnepw 2002þmamtïmsS
imkv{Xobambn Bkq{XWw sNbvXv Jc amen\y kwkvIcW coXn
\S¸nem¡p¶XmWv. CXn\pff BZy \S]Sn F¶ \nebnð NhÀ tiJcWhpw NhÀ
\o¡p¶Xpw kzImcyhXvIcn¡p¶Xv t{]mÕmln¸n¡p¶XmWv. AXpt]mse \Kc
ipNoIcW¯n\v dknU³kv Atkmkntbj\pIfpsS ]¦mfn¯w A\p`mh]qÀhw
]cnKWn¡p¶XmWv.
\Kc ipNoIcW
{]hÀ¯\§fpsS GtIm]\w kÀ¡mÀ hln¡p¶tXmsSm¸w {]tXyI ipNoIcW ]²XnIÄ
Hcpan¸n¨v BhnjvIcn¡pIbpw A¯cw {]hÀ¯\§sf t{]mÕmln¸n¡pIbpw thWw.
BbXn\v Xt±i`cW Øm]\§fpsSbpw k¶² kwLS\IfpsSbpw \nÀhmlI kanXnIÄ
cq]oIcn¡pIbpw Ahbnð s]mXp ]¦mfn¯w Dd¸v hcp¯pIbpw
sNt¿ïXmWv.
s]mXpP\§fpsS
Bhiy¯n\mbn `£W]m\obimeIÄ, tlmÌepIÄ, dtÌmdâpIÄ, s]t{SmÄ ]¼pIÄ,
kq¸À amÀ¡äpIÄ s]mXphmb sI«nS§Ä F¶nhnS§fnð ipNnXzapff km\nädn
I¡qkpIÄ \nÀ_ÔnXam¡p¶XmWv.
{Zh
amen\y kwkvIcWw
kwØm\s¯ Xncph\´]pcw,
sIm¨n tImÀ¸tdj\pIfnse Nne sNdnb {]tZiw Hgn¨v _m¡nbpff \Kc
k`Ifnsem¶p Xs¶ Bkq{XnX {ZmhI amen\y \nÀamÀP\ kwhn[m\w
\S¸nem¡nbn«nñ. kzImcytaJebpsS klIcWt¯msS `qan¡SnbneqsSbpff
amen\y \nÀamÀP\ k{¼Zmbhpw kwkvIcW ¹mâpIfpw \S¸mem¡p¶XmWv.
tImÀ¸tdj\pIfnsebpw {][m\ \Kck`Ifnsebpw P\km{µXtbdnb {]tZi§Ä¡v
C¡mcy¯nð ap³KW\ \ðIp¶XmWv.
Fñm \Kc§fnepw P\§fpsS
Bhiym\pkcWw s]mXp ivaim\§Ä \nÀan¡p¶XmWv.
Fñm \Kc k`Ifnepw \ho\
coXnbnepff AdhpimeIÄ Øm]n¡p¶XmWv. BbXnte¡v kzImcy GP³knIsf
t{]mÕmln¸n¡p¶Xpw km¼¯nI klmbw \ðIp¶XpamWv. AdhpimeIfnð ipNnXzw
]men¡p¶psh¶v Dd¸phcp¯p¶XmWv.
A¡uïnwKv
]cnjvIcWw
\Kck`Ifnse A¡uïnwKv
knÌw ImelcWs¸«v, ]gb coXnbnepffXmWv. CXv knwKnÄ F³{Sn knÌtam,
U_nÄ F³{Sn knÌtam Añ. ]cs¡ AwKnIcn¡s¸«n«pff U_nÄ F³{Sn kn̯nð
CXv kq£n¡pIbmsW¦nð A¡uïvkv _p¡pIÄ ssIImcyw sN¿ð A\mbmkamIpw.
sImSp¡ð hm§ð A¡uïpw, hchv sNehv A¡uïpw _me³kv joäpw ]ehI
A¡uïpIfpsS tÌäpsaâmb {Sbð _me³knð \n¶p FSp¡m³ Ignbpw. [\Imcy
\nb{´W¯n\pw amt\Ppsaân\pw Bhiyamb ]e Imcy§fpw AXmbXv ^ïv ^vtfm
tÌävsaâv , Iymjv ^vtfm tÌävsaâv apXembh CXnð \n¶pw FSp¡m³
Ignbpw. A¡uïnwKv kn̯nsâ amäw {][m\ Bhiyambn kÀ¡mÀ ImWp¶p.
\Kck`Ifnse IW¡pIÄ ssIImcyw sN¿p¶Xn\v NmÀt«Uv
A¡uïâvamsc/Øm]\§sf Gð¸nt¡ïXmWv. Cu hnjb¯ð ]Xns\m¶mw I½njsâ
ip]mÀiIÄ A\p`mh]qÀhw ]cnKWn¡p¶XmWv.
^n\m³jyð
amt\Pvsasâv
\Kck`IfpsS {][m\
hcpam\w \nIpXnbnð \n¶pamWv. F¶mð \nIpXn IW¡m¡p¶Xn\pw
]ncns¨Sp¡p¶Xn\pw \Kck`IÄ¡v AhbpsS A[nImcw ]qÀWambn
hn\ntbmKn¡m³ km[n¡p¶ptïm F¶Xv kwibIcamWv. \nIpXn ASbv¡p¶Xnð
\n¶pw Hgnhm¡n In«p¶Xnt\m, bYmÀ°ambn HSpt¡ï \nIpXnð
\n¶pwIpd¨pIn«p¶Xnt\m BWv Hgnhm¡nI In«p¶Xnt\m BWv s]mXp P\§Ä
Gsd XmXv]cyw ImWn¡mdv. FñmbnS¯pw CXv \ne\nð¡p¶p. Cu {]iv\¯nsâ
hym]vXn ]e ap\nkn¸menänIfnepw hyXykvX tXmXnembncn¡mw. AXn\mð
\nIpXn \nÀWbhpw ]ncnhpw Gsd ^eh¯mt¡ïXpïv. \nIpXn IW¡m¡ð , tdäv
\nÝbn¡ð apXembhbnse ]gpXpIfS¡p¶Xn\v kÀ¡mÀ ap³KW\ \ðIp¶XmWv.
hchpw sNehpw X½nepff A´cw Ipdbvt¡ï Bhiyw \Kck`Isf
t_m[ys¸Sp¯p¶XmWv. ap³kn¸ð t_mïpIÄ aptJ\ \Kck`bpsS km¼¯nIØnXn
sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶ Imcyw ]cnKWn¡p¶XmWv.
\nIpXn C\¯nepff
hcpam\w, kwØm\¯nsâ {Kmâv C³ FbvUvv Ch IqSmsX \Kck`IÄ Fð. sF.
kn. lUvtIm, sI. bp. Un. F^v. kn apXemb [\Imcy Øm]\§fnð \n¶pw
hnIk\ ]cn]mSnIÄ¡mbn km¼¯nI klmbw tXSmdpïv. A{]Imcw klmbw
tXSpt¼mgpw Xncn¨Sbv¡m\pff kwhn[m\w, ]²XnbpsS km[yX
XpS§nbhsc¸änsbm¶pw Xs¶ Kuchambn Nn´n¡mdnñ. C{]Imcapff Nne
]²XnIÄ \Kck`Isf {]iv\¯nem¡mdpïv. AXn\mð \Kck`IfpsS ISw hm§ensâ
]cn[n AhcpsS hcpam\hpambn H¯nW§p¶ hn[¯nem¡p¶XmWv. Fð. sF. kn.
lUvtIm, sI. bp. Un. F^v. kn apXemb [\ImcyØm]\§fnð \n¶pw
\Kck`IÄ hm§p¶ hmbv]IÄ¡v ]cn[n \nÝbn¡p¶XmWv.
\Kck`Ifnð Hmtcm
]²Xn¡pw \o¡nhbv¡p¶ ^ïv atäsX¦nepw ]²Xnbnte¡v amän
D]tbmKn¡m\pff {]hWX IqSn hcp¶Xmbn ImWp¶p. CXv Ahkm\n¸nt¡ïXpw,
Bhiysa¦nð \nbaw aqew km¼¯nI A¨S¡w \Kck`IÄ¡p tað
sImïphcp¶XpamWv.
hkvXp
\nIpXn
Xt±i`cW Øm]\§fnse
{][m\ hcpam\ amÀK§fnsem¶mWv hkvXphnð \n¶pw CuSm¡p¶ \nIpXn.
\nehnepff \nIpXn \nÀWbþ]ncnhp kwhn[m\w XnI¨pw Aimkv{Xobhpw
tkOm]chpw AgnaXn¡v CSbm¡p¶XpamWv. hkvXphnsâ ¹mâv GcnbbpsS
ASnØm\¯nð \nIpXn \nÀWbw efnXam¡p¶Xn\v kÀ¡mÀ Dt±in¡p¶pïv. CXv
aqew AgnaXn \S¯m\pff ]gpXpIÄ AS¡sa¶Xp IqSmsX Xt±i Øm]\§fpsS
hcpam\w hÀ²n¸¡m\pw DXIpw.
hnt\mZ
\nIpXn
kwØm\¯v Gähpw IqSpXð
ZpÀhn\ntbmKw sN¿s¸Sp¶ asämcp taJebmWv hnt\mZ \nIpXn. Hcp
hyhkmb¯ntâbpw XfÀ¨bv¡v \nIpXn Hcp ImcWambn XoccpXv F¶XmWv
kÀ¡mÀ \ne]mSv. AXnt\msSm¸w Xs¶ \nIpXn Hgnhm¡p¶Xnt\m,
Iff¯c§Ät¡m tkÑm]camb \ne]mSnt\m hgnsbmcp¡m\pw CSbm¡cpXv.
\nIpXn eLqIcn¨mð , \nIpXn ]ncnhv Ffp¸am¡mw. hnhn[ Xt±i
Øm]\§fnð \nIpXn \nc¡nð \oXoIcn¡m\mhm¯ hyXymkw ImWp¶pïv..IqSmsX
DbÀ¶ tXmXnð \nIpXn Hgnhm¡epw . Ipdª \nIpXn \nÀWbhpw tbmPn¨p
tNÀ¶pff Iff¯c§fpw, AgnaXnbpw \nehnepïv. hfse Ffp¸¯nð
IW¡m¡mhp¶Xpw, Ffp¸amÀK¯nð ]ncns¨Sp¡mhp¶Xpw, Iff¯c§Ä¡v ]gpXp
\ðIm\mhm¯Xpamb Hcp hnt\mZ \nIpXn GÀs¸Sp¯m³ kÀ¡mÀ
BtemNn¡p¶pïv.
hntZi
klmbw
\nIpXn ]ncnhneqsSbpw ,
tI{µklmb¯neqsSbpw kzImcy \nt£]§fneqsSbpw \Kc {]tZi§fnte¡pff
[\mKh\ amÀK§Ä¡v thïp¶ \S]SnIÄ kzIcn¨n«psï¦nepw Cu \S]SnIÄ
H¶psImïpam{Xw \Kc§sf km¼¯nI hfÀ¨bpsS tI{µ§fm¡n amäm³ km[yañ.
CXnte¡v DZmcamb hntZi klmbw BhiyamWv. hntZi [\Imcy
Øm]\§fpsSbpw [\ klmbw \ðIp¶Xn\v X¿mdpff cPy§fpsSbpw ]n´pWbpw
XmXv]cyhpw BÀPn¡¯¡ Xc¯nð kwØm\¯v XpS¡an«pff \qX\hpw ^e{]Zhpamb
]cnjvImc§fS§p¶ \Kc hn`mK¯nse ]p\: kwLS\
{]tbmP\s¸Sp¯pw.
hnIk\
AtXmdnän
A©p tImÀ¸tdjpIfnepff
hnIk\ AtXmdnänIÄ ASnØm\kuIcy hnIk\¯n\mbn hnhn[ hnIk\ ]²XnIÄ
GsäSp¯n«pïv. AhbpsS {]Jym]nX e£y§Ä km[ns¨Sp¡p¶Xnte¡v \nehnepff
hnIk\ AtXmdnänIsf klmbn¡pIbpw Ahsb iàns¸Sp¯pIbpw sN¿p¶XmWv.
hnIk\ AtXmdnänIfpsS {]hÀ¯\ taJe hyàambn thÀXncnt¡ïXpïv. XeØm\
\Kc hnIk\¯n\v Du¶ð \ðIp¶XmWv.
IpSpw_{in
k¼qÀW Zmcn{Zy.
\nÀamÀP\¯n\mbn kv{Xo imàoIcW¯neqsSbpw ]¦mfn¯¯neqsSbpapff Hcp
\Kc sXmgnð Zm\ ]cn]mSnbmbn«mWv IpSpw_{iosb hn`mh\w
sNbvXncn¡p¶Xv.
Cu kwc`¯nsâ {]mcw`
\S]SnIÄ Cu hn`mK¯nse ss_emädð GP³knIfpÄs¸sSbpff ]e
GP³knIfpsSbpw {i² ]nSn¨p]änbn«pïv. Zmcn{Zy taJebnse
IpSpw_§fnse kv{XoIfpsS kaqlXe kwLS\bpïm¡n Zmcn{Zyw ZqcoIcn¨v
Ahsc kmaqlyhpw km¼¯nIhpambn imàoIcn¡pIsb¶XmWv Cu kwcw`¯nsâ
{]hÀ¯\ coXn. kmaqlym[njvTnX kwLS\bpsS {Xn^väv Bâv s{IUnäv
k{¼Zmbw Cu ]mhs¸« kv{XoIsf km¼¯nI {]XnkÔn XcWw sN¿p¶Xn\v
klmbn¡pI am{Xañ AhcpsS A\u]NmcnI _m¦mbn cp]s¸«ncn¡pIbmWv.
BIbmð {Xn^väv 100 tImSnbmbn DbÀt¯ïXpw BbXnte¡p Bhiyamb B£³ ¹m³
X¿mdmt¡ïXpamWv.
aäv Zmcn{Zy
\nÀamÀP\ ]cn]mSnIÄ
Zmcn{Zy \nÀamÀP\¯n\pw
kpØncamb km¼¯nI hnIk\w Dd¸p hcp¯p¶Xn\pw ]mhs¸«hcpsS hcpam\¯nsâ
tXmXv hÀ[n¸nt¡ïXv AXymhiyamWv. eLp \nt£] ]²XnIÄ ]mhs¸«
kv{XoIÄ¡v X§fpsS AXymhiy Imcy§Ä \nÀhln¡p¶Xn\v {]tbmP\s¸Sp¶p
F¶ñmsX AhcpsS Ønc hcpam\¯nð hÀ²\hv hcp¯p¶nñ. AXsñ¦nð AhÀ Cu
XpI hcpam\ ZmbI {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡v D]tbmKnt¡ïnbncp¶p. AXpsImïv eLp
\nt£]§Ä Zmcn{Zy \nÀamÀP\¯n\v Hcp ZoÀLIme {]Xnhn[nbmbn
IW¡m¡m\mhnñ. sXmgnehkc§ð A[nIambn \ðInbmð am{Xsa A[nI hcpam\w
DïmIpIbpffp. A[nI hcpam\w km²yam¡m³ Gähpw ^e{]Zamb amÀKw
sNdpInS kwcw`§fnð GÀs¸SpI F¶XmWv. \Kc {]tZi§fnð ]mhs¸«hÀ¡pthïn
sNdpInS kwcw`§Ä ^e{]Zambn \S¸mem¡m³ tI{µmhnjvIrX klmb ]²Xnbmb
kphÀW Pb´n jlmcn tdmPvKmÀ tbmP\bneqsS km[n¨n«pïv. ASp¯ A©p
hÀj¯n\pffnð {]Xn hÀjw 10000 {Kq¸v kwcw`§Ä F¶ IW¡nð 5,000 {Kq¸v
kwcw`§Ä Bcw`n¡p¶XmWv. AXpt]mse, {]Xn hÀjw 5000 F¶ \nc¡nð 2500
IpSpw_§sf hyànKX kzbwsXmgnð ]²XnbneqsS klmbn¡m³ Ignbpw.
tI{µklmb ]²XnIfnepsS e`n¡p¶ XpI IqSmsX Xt±i \Kc Øm]\§sfbpw \Kc
Zmcn{Zy \nÀamÀP\ hn`mK¯nte¡v sNehgn¡p¶Xn\v
t{]cn¸n¡p¶XmWv.
tI{µ klmb ]²Xnbmb Fkv.
sP. Fkv. BÀ. ssh. bpsS asämcp LSIamWv \Kc thX\ sXmgnðZm\
]cn]mSn ( bp. U»yq. C. ]n) \Kc {]tZi§fnð ASnØm\ kuIcy§Ä
Dïm¡p¶Xn\pw AXphgn {]XnhÀjw 10000 a\pjy thX\ Znhk§Ä F¶ IW¡nð
A©v hÀjw sImïv 50000 Znhk§fpw \ðIp¶Xn\v Cu ]²XnbpsS
km²yamIp¶XmWv. tI{µ klmb ]²Xnbmb tZiob tNcn hnIk\ ]cn]mSnbpw
Imcy£aambn \S¸nem¡mhp¶XmWv. hyhkmb s]mXpacma¯v, hnt\mZ k©mcw
XpS§nb taJeIfpsS hnIk\¯n\mbpff ASnØm\ kuIcy§Ä sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v
Fñm \Kck`Isfbpw t{]mÕmln¸n¡p¶XmWv.
`cW
]cnjvImc§Ä
kÀ¡mcnsâ \Kc hnIk\ \bw
\S¸nem¡p¶Xnsâ `mKambn \nehnepff \Kck` LS\ ]p\: ]cntim[n¨v
kmt¦XnI sshZKv[y¯n\pw Ignhn\pw Du¶ð \ðInsImïv Bhiyamb
]cnjvImc§Ä sImïphcp¶XmWv.
\KcLS\sb P\§Ä¡v
D]Icn¡p¶ hn[¯nð ^e{]Zamb Hcp D]IcWam¡n XoÀ¡m³ ImelcWs¸« \nba§Ä
]p\:]cntim[\ \S¯n ]pXp¡n FgpXp¶XmWv. 1981 þse tIcfm Éw ¢nbd³kv
BIvSv, sUhe]vsaâv AtXmdnän Ch ]p\chtemI\w sN¿p¶XmWv.
t{ImUnIcn¨ Hcp \Kcmkq{XW _nð \nbak`bnð AhXcn¸n¡p¶XmWv. sdâv
I¬t{SmÄ BIvSnse hyhØIfpw ]p\:]cntim[n¡p¶XmWv ]mÀ¸nS \nba§Ä
apXðapS¡p¶hcpsS / DSaØcpsS IqSn XmXv]cy§Ä kwc£n¡p¶ coXnbnð
]p\:]cntim[n¡p¶XmWv. amdnhcp¶ `q\b§Ä hnIk\ AhImi ssIamäw,
`qanbpsS ]p\:{IaoIcWw XpS§nbh \S¸memhm\pXIp¶ hn[w cPnkvt{Sj³
BIvSnð t`ZKXn hcp¯p¶XmWv. \Kc§fnse Irjn`qan imkv{Xobambn
hnIkn¸n¡p¶Xn\v `qhn\ntbmK \nba§fnð t`ZKXn hcp¯p¶XmWv.
Ncn{X{]m[m\yapff sI«nS§fpw Øe§fpw aäpw kwc£v¡p¶Xn\pXI¶hn[w
\nba§Ä sImïphcp¶XmWv. \Kc hnIk\ \b¯nsâ `mKambn kwØm\¯nsâ
{]tXyI hnIk\ kmlNcy§Ä IW¡nseSp¯v icnbmb coXnbnepff `qhn\ntbmKw
Dd¸phcp¯p¶n\pw sI«nS\nÀamW {]hÀ¯\§Ä t{]mÕmln¸n¡p¶Xn\pambn
1999þ se sI«nS \nÀamW N«§Ä ]p\: ]cntim[¡p¶XmWv..
hnhc kmt¦XoI
hnZybpsS D]tbmKw
\Kc `cW¯nsâ Fñm
Xe¯nepw kpXmcyX Dd¸p hcp¯p¶n\v kÀ¡mcn\v D¯chmZnXzapïv. Adnhv
t\Sp¶Xn\pff AhImihpambn _Ôs¸« \nba hyhØbv¡v \ñ {]NcWw
\ðIp¶XmWv. hnhckmt¦XnI hnZybpsS D]tbmKt¯msSbñmsX \hoIcWw
km[yamIp¶X amdp¶Xñ. Xt±i`cW Øm]\§fnse hnhn[ Xe§fnð
hnhckmt¦XnhnZy {]tbmK¯nð hcp¯p¶Xn\v kÀ¡mcn\v D¯chmZnXzapïv.
hnhn[ Xt±i`cW Øm]\§fnse I¼yq«dpIÄ s\äv hÀ¡neqsS UbdIvSdpsS
Imcymebhpambpw sk{I«dntbäpambpw _Ôn¸n¡p¶XmWv. CþKthWðkv,
^e{]Zambn Xt±i Ø]m\§fnð \S¸nem¡p¶XmWv.
UbdIvStdäv Hm^v AÀ_³
A^tbgvkv
ap\nkn¸ð `cW UbdIvStdänsâ
{]hÀ¯\§Ä¡pw NpaXeIÄ¡pw Imcyamb amäw h¶n«pïv. UbdIvStdän\v
hnIk\]camb e£yt_m[w \ðtIïp¶ Imew AXn{Ian¨ncn¡p¶p. CXns\ Hcp
hnZKv² Øm]\am¡n amän Cu aÞe¯nð hnZKv²cmbhcpsS tkh\w D]tbmKn¨v
kwØm\s¯ \KchXvIcW {]hWXbpw , amXrIbpw ]Tn¨v kÀ¡mcnsâ \KchXvIcW
\bw icnbmb hn[¯nð \S¸nem¡p¶Xn\v kÖam¡p¶XmWv. Ct¸mgpff ap\nkn¸ð
`cW UbdIvStdäv, UbdIvStdäv Hm^v AÀ_³ A^tbgvkv B¡n
amäp¶XmWv.
tIcfm AÀ_³ sUhe]vsaâ ss^\m³kv
tImÀ¸tdj³
tIcfm AÀ_³ sUhe]vsaâv
ss^\m³kv tImÀ¸tdj³ ]p\:kwLSn¸n¨v kwØm\s¯ Fñm Xt±i`cW Øm]\§Ä¡pw
{]tbmP\IcamIpwhn[w Hcp km¼¯nI Øm]\am¡n amäp¶XmWv.
F³t^mgvkvsaâv
Xt±i \Kc Øm]\§fnse `cW
b{´w {Ias¸Sp¯pIbpw iàns¸Sp¯pIbpw sN¿pw. \Kc/ Su¬ ¹m\nwKv
\nba§Ä IÀi\mbn \S¸m¡p¶XmWv. \nba§Ä \S¸nem¡m³ NpaXes¸« ap\nkn¸ð
Poh\¡mÀ¡v 1994 tIcf ap\nkn¸menän BIvSnse 552þmw sk£³ {]Imcapff
A[nImcw \ðIpw. FñmXc¯nepapff GI]£ob coXn Hgnhm¡p¶XmWv. CXv
\nIpXn \nÀ®b¯n\pw _m[Iam¡pw. \nIpXn LS\ eLpIcn¡p¶tXmsSm¸w ,
]ptcmKXn¡v XSkw hcm¯ coXnbnð amäw hcp¯pIbpw sN¿pw. hnPne³kv
skñnsâ {]hÀ¯\§Ä iàns¸Sp¯p¶XmWv.
am\htijn
hnIk\w
\Kcmkq{XW¯nepw
\KchnIk\¯nepw hym]vXcmbncn¡p¶hÀ¡v B[p\nI kmt¦XnI D]IcW§fpw
AhbpsS ]cnÚm\hpw \ðIp¶Xn\mhiyamb \S]SnIÄ kÀ¡mÀ kzoIcn¡p¶XmWv.
kwØm\¯nsâ Bkq{XW hnIk\¯nð apJy ]¦v hln¡p¶ \Kcþ{Kmamkq{XW
hIp¸nð hnhn[ hnjb§fnð ]cnioe\w kn²n¨ DtZyKØcpsS e`yX
Dd¸phcp¯p¶XmWv. \Kcmkq{XWw , \Kc`cWw, ap\nkn¸ð [\Imcyhpw
A¡uïnwKpw , \Kc F©n\nbdnwKv XpS§n hnhn[ hnjb§sf Ipdn¨v Øncambn
]cnioe\w \ðIp¶Xn\mhiyamb Ahkcw krjvSn¡p¶Xn\pw InebpsSbpw
tIcf¯n\v ]pd¯pff hnK² GP³knIfpsSbpw klIcWw CXn\mbn
tXSp¶XpamWv.
\Kcmkq{XIÀ¡pw,
ap\nkn¸ð DtZymKØÀ¡pw , k¶² kwLS\IÄ¡pw, C³Ìnäyq«v Hm^v Su¬
¹mt\gvkv t]mepff kmt¦XnI Øm]\§fpambn Bibhn\nab¯n\pff thZn
Hcp¡p¶XmWv.
kwØm\¯nsâ hmÀjnI
]²XnIfnð Bkq{XWhpambn _Ôs¸« hnjb§fnð am\htijn hnIk\¯n\mbn
{]tXyI ^ïv \o¡nhbv¡p¶XmWv. AXpt]mse Xt±i`cW Øm]\§fpw AhcpsS
Poh\¡mÀ¡v ]cnioe\w \ðIp¶Xn\v AhcpsS hcpam\¯nsâ \nÝnX iXam\w
\o¡nhbv¡p¶XmWv.
]pXnb
Øm]\w
P\§fpsS
hyXymks¸«ps¡mïncn¡p¶ Bhiy§Ä¡v DXIp¶Xc¯nð DbÀ¶phtcï \Kc`cWw
Ct¸mÄ \mi¯nemWv. Fñmhn[ IgnhpIfpw D]tbmKn¨v \Kc`cWw sa¨s¸Sp¯m³
{ian¡pw. \Kchn`mK¯nsâ Bhiy§Ä¡pam{Xambn Hcp Øm]\w XpS§p¶Xpw Cu
Øm]\¯neqsS kÀ¡mÀ DtZymKØÀ¡pw sXcsªSp¡s¸« {]Xn\n[nIÄ¡pw
XpSÀ¨bmbn ]cnioe\w \ðIn, hfÀ¶psImïncn¡p¶ \Kc {]iv\§Ä B[p\nI
kmt¦XnIhnZy D]tbmKn¨v t\cnS¯¡hn[¯nð Ahsc
{]m]vXcm¡p¶XmWv.
{][m\
ip]mÀiIÄ
- Hcp {]tZiw
\Kck`bmbn DbÀ¯p¶Xn\pw , \nehnepff \Kck`IfpsS A[nImc ]cn[n
hn]qeoIcn¡p¶Xn\pw DNnXamb am\ZÞ§Ä kÀ¡mÀ \nÝnbn¡p¶XmWv.
- hyhkmbw ,
hnt\mZk©mcw, hnhc kmt¦XnIhnZy, hmWnPyw, hym]mcw F¶o taJeIfnð
hnIk\ km²yXIfpff \Kc {]tZi§sf {][m\ hfÀ¨mtI{µ§fmbn Isï¯n
hnIkn¸n¡p¶XmWv.
- ASnØm\ kuIcy§fpsS
hnIk\¯n\v kzImcy taJebpsS ]¦mfn¯w AXymhiyamWv. CXn\mbn
\nehnepff tkh\ taJeIÄ kzImcy GP³knIÄ hgn \S¸nem¡pI,
kzImcyhXvIcWw F¶nh DÄs¸sSbpff Fñm km[yXIfpw
{]tbmP\s¸Sp¯p¶XmWv.
- kwØm\¯v Hcp AÀ_³
dKpteädn AtXmdnän cqhXvIcn¡p¶XmWv. \Kck`Ifnse tkh\ taJeIfnð
kzImcytaJebpsS ]¦mfn¯w Dd¸phcp¯p¶Xn\pw, sa¨s¸« tkh\w
e`yam¡p¶Xn\pw, s]mXpP\§Ä¡v e`yamIp¶ tkh\§fpsS sNehv
\ymbamsW¶v Dd¸phcp¯p¶Xn\pw, ]cmXnIfpw A`n{]mb§fpw
kzoIcn¡p¶Xn\pw thïnbmWnXv.